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Introduction to the programme

Introduction to the programme. A.Hasman. Medical Informatics. The study concerned with the understanding, communication and management of information in healthcare. Understanding. Which concepts/terms are used What do they mean How can the concepts be represented formally

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Introduction to the programme

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  1. Introduction to the programme A.Hasman

  2. Medical Informatics • The study concerned with the understanding, communication and management of information in healthcare

  3. Understanding • Which concepts/terms are used • What do they mean • How can the concepts be represented formally • How can information and knowledge be represented • How to formalize processes • Research

  4. Ontology Bodypostion ISO pressureunits Has position Whole body Has units Pressure Applies to Intra-vascularPressure Mm[Hg] Heart cyclephase Has units Systemic Has phase ArterialPressure Is a Systolicphase BloodPressure Diastolicphase Part of Other relation Has phase Has phase Diastolic ArterialPressure Systolic ArterialPressure Standardization!!!!

  5. Semantics

  6. Domain knowledge • Clinical knowledge examples: • Models of “clinical statements”: • BP measurement • ECG result • Discharge summary • Workflow process descriptions • Protocols / Guidelines • Terminologies, ontologies, e.g. Galen, Snomed

  7. Communication • Domain specific: • How to design messages that can be understood by the receiving system • Standardization of terminology and messages, archetypes • Domain independent • Technical communication between computer systems (the 7-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model)

  8. BP measurement 0..1 1 method values 0-1000 Terminology = ? cuff systolic 0-1000 Instrum. diastolic Pat. Pos. Terminology is insufficient • Terminology can tell you that “systolic blood pressure" is “the pressure of the blood in an artery at the systolic heart phase" • But terminology cannot describe the structure you will use to capture the BP measurement information, for that archetypes are defined

  9. Seven layer OSI model

  10. Communication

  11. Management • How to represent the data • Textual (free or formalized text) • Diagrams • Signals • Images • How to store the data • Database models • How to maintain the data • Information systems • Updating, archiving

  12. Data-information-knowledge • Data: the raw material • Information: interpreted data • Knowledge: network of related information chunks

  13. Data-information-knowledgeexample • Data: echocardiogram of Mina Tanenbaum • Information: Statements about specific individuals. For example, the statement “Mina Tanenbaum (2y) has an atrial septal defect, 1 cm x 3.5 cm” is a statement about Mina Tanenbaum, and no-one else • Knowledge : statements about classes of entities, e.g. the statement “a hole in the atrial septum can lead to dilatation, cardiac insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension”. Fragments of knowledge are models developed by studying populations of individual statements

  14. Programme

  15. Information systems • History of monolithic and modular ISs (AH) • Personal health records, mobile systems and smartcards (AH) • National healthcare infrastructure (RC)

  16. General overviews • Implementation of ISs (AH) • CPOE and implementation strategies (NdK) • Telemedicine (NdK) • Role of standardization (RC) • Data reuse (RC) • Medical safety and medical informatics (SE)

  17. Evaluation (NdK) • Evaluation of information systems • Quantitative vs qualitative research, study designs, outcome measures, pitfalls • Evaluation of quality of care • Prognostic models, registries, quality indicators

  18. Decision support • Decision support (AH) • Guideline implementations • Types of CDSS (non(critiquing) person(non) specific • Examples of decision support systems (SE) • Development, implementation and evaluation

  19. Standards • Terminology systems (RC) • Types of systems • Health Level 7 (RC) • Round up (AH)

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