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HSM 202 Program Planning

HSM 202 Program Planning. A. DEFINITION. 1. Health program is an organized response to reduce or eliminate health/safety hazards or risk in the work environment and /or meet the health/safety needs of workers/employees. Key Elements of a Health Program. Name. External Cooperation.

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HSM 202 Program Planning

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  1. HSM 202Program Planning

  2. A. DEFINITION 1. Health program is an organized response to reduce or eliminate health/safety hazards or risk in the work environment and /or meet the health/safety needs of workers/employees.

  3. Key Elements of a Health Program Name External Cooperation Evaluation Indicators • Situationer • status of disease problem • program status • Program Budget • operational • capital Objectives Linkages • Approach • Manner of implementation • Strategies • Responsible units • Changes/ developments • Targets • health status • service

  4. A. DEFINITION 2. Program planning is the process of • defining the problem • formulating the objectives • identifying activities to achieve objectives • determining ways of evaluating extent to which objectives are attained

  5. B. Reasons for Planning 1. Condition exist which require the most suitable and affordable solutions. 2. Conflicting values/views on problems to be solved requires systematic and participative approach using analytical tools. 3. Rapid growth in knowledge and technology 4. Strong desire for more rationality in decision making in order to: - offset uncertainty and change - be accountable - be more efficient and effective

  6. C. Basic Elements of Planning 1. Criteria of decision-making - efficiency - value or equity 2. Approaches to planning - evolution - base of plan - concern

  7. C. Basic Elements of Planning 3. Scope of Plan • Comprehensive • Partial 4. Time Span • Long term • Medium term • Short term

  8. C. Basic Elements of Planning 5. Authoritativeness • Indicative • Prescriptive 6. Levels • Top • Middle • technical

  9. C. Basic Elements of Planning 7. Components • Objective • Strategy • finances

  10. Steps in planning: • Defining the core problem • Statement of the problem in terms of: • health/ safety hazards/ risks • Health deficits • Foreseeable crisis • Identifying the causes or factors contributing to the problem • conditions of work & work environment • Management’s attitude towards safety services/workers • Workers/employees knowledge/attitudes

  11. Steps in planning: • Interpret problem/ needs based on: • appraisal of the potential hazards & needs of workers • Comparison of present condition with recommended standards • Health policies & standards established by the company

  12. Steps in planning: 2. Specify the program objectives in terms of • General objectives • Specific objectives Characteristics of a well stated objectives: • consistent with the problem • tied in with the over-all philosophy & purpose of the agency in relation to health/ safety of workers • S.M.A.R.T.

  13. In planning a program, use SMART S – specific M – measurable A – attainable R – realistic T – time bound

  14. Steps in planning: 3. Identifying activities needed to achieve objectives • factors to consider: • alternative activities & selection of the most appropriate means to attain objectives • available resources & costs

  15. Steps in planning: 4. Determining resources necessary to support activities in terms of: • personnel involved • supplies & materials • funds required

  16. Steps in planning: 5. Planning for the evaluation to include : • what ? • how ? • by whom ? • when ?

  17. Preparation forPlanning a Health Program

  18. Scope Read the following Chapters: • Preparation for Health Planning- Chap 13 • Analysis of the Health Situation –Chap 14 • Problem Identification & Explanation- Chap 15 • Priority Setting – Chapter 17 • Program Planning Overview – Chap 19 • Project Planning – Chap. 24

  19. Analysis & Promotion of Planning Conditions • Officials commissioned in the health planning must know that: • Planning is a time-consuming event • Not an “all-out solution” • Planning models vary from place to place, country to country due to various differences • A sound plan must be judged by its contents and the way it is formulated • Planning may address to maintain the “status quo” or meet a “developmental demand” • It is a continuous event

  20. Consider this Issue Adverse Health Effects Withdrawal of toys made in China Plans to decrease the burden of the problem Loss of Income & Productivity

  21. Requisites… • The need for political will • The government must be prepared to accept and implement major changes • A political will to “plan” • Evidenced by political statements, directives or legislation • Necessary for the holistic approach for health development (wide-based participation)

  22. Requisites… • Review the organization and skills for planning • Be familiar with the structure, functions, sectoral composition, and procedures of the national overall planning body • Necessary to know how the proposals “fit in” the national socio-economic development plan • Know the interrelationship of other planning bodies

  23. Planning for the Planning Exercise 1.) Know how the country/ LGU is organized for planning The Planners Advisers of The Planners Also known as The Technical Secretariat Also known as National Advisory Health Planning body

  24. Planning for the Planning Exercise 2.) Determine the planning method to be followed. Basic elements: 1.) Situational Analysis 2.) Formulation 3.) Implementation 4.) Evaluation

  25. The Planning Method • Logical and systematic approach • Total and flexible • Useful to both the central, intermediate and local levels of planning • Capable of permitting formulation of the health plan in the context of overall development planning • Incorporate provisions for the improvement of planning information

  26. Other Issues • Levels of planning and manner of evolving the plan • Monitoring the planning exercise • Terms of reference of the planning exercise

  27. Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Planning Exercise • Minimum contents • Policies only ? Policies and administrative requirements ? Operational? • The degree of involvement of the health sector (partial or comprehensive) • Special problems to which the plan will adress itself • Priorities and strategies • Time span of the plan

  28. When needed, acceptance of external assistance should not infringe or compromise national sovereignty or diminish national respect

  29. Situational Analysis • Diagnosis of the community’s health situation • Entails • Describing the current health situation • Forecasting of the future status • Identifying the problems • Seeking explanations for such problems

  30. Levels of Analysis • Geographical Planning • National • Regional • Provincial • District • Municipal • Barangay

  31. Analysis of the Population • Total population and demography • Age and sex distribution • Selected vital events • Population estimation

  32. Combined Analysis of Age and Sex Composition • Population pyramid • a graphical representation of the age and sex composition of the population • one can describe and explain the demographic trends of the population in the past

  33. Population Pyramids

  34. Type 1 Pyramid 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 • Broad base with gently sloping sides • High rates of death and birth • Low median age • High dependency ratio 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 2 4 6 8 Percent 8 6 4 2 0

  35. Type 2 Pyramid 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 • Broader base • Slanting from 0-4 years old to the top • Beginning to grow rapidly because of reduction in infant mortality but are NOT yet reducing fertility • Rapid increase in population • Median age is increasing 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 2 4 6 8 Percent 8 6 4 2 0

  36. Type 3 Pyramid 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 • Old fashioned “beehive” • Low birth rate • Median age is highest • Dependency ratio is lowest • Dependents mostly elderly 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 2 4 6 8 Percent 8 6 4 2 0

  37. Type 4 Pyramid 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 • Transitional type • Represents a population after 100 years with declining birth and death rates, has reversed the trend in fertility while maintaining the death rate at low models 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 2 4 6 8 Percent 8 6 4 2 0

  38. Type 5 Pyramid 80+ 75-79 70-74 65-69 60-64 55-59 • Rapid decline in fertility • Low death rate • Reduced its birth rate very rapidly 50-54 45-49 40-44 35-39 30-34 25-29 20-24 15-19 10-14 5-9 0-4 0 2 4 6 8 Percent 8 6 4 2 0

  39. Analysis of the Health Status • Describing the health status • leading causes of mortality • leading causes of morbidity • leading causes of infant mortality • leading causes of maternal mortality • leading causes of hospital admission • leading causes of consultation

  40. Indices • Economic indices • Social indices • Education • Communication and transportation • Housing • Electrification • Environmental indices • Safe water supply

  41. Indices • Environmental • Human waste disposal • Industrial waste disposal • Food establishments • Nutritional status

  42. Analysis of the Health Sector • Components of the health sector • Intersectoral relationships • Present government policy towards the health sector, training of manpower and manufacture of equipments • Roles of medical insurance • Structure of authority and degree of responsibility for health services

  43. ANALYSIS OF HEALTH FACILITIES • HOSPITALS • Inventory and distribution • Status of facilities • Selected attributes • HEALTH UNITS

  44. ANALYSIS OF HEALTH MANPOWER • Current stock of health manpower • Projection • Review of technique of health manpower development • Review of health manpower policies

  45. ANALYSIS OF HEALTH EXPENDITURES • Analysis of the DOH budget • Analysis of other government agencies of institutions • Analysis of NGO expenditures on health

  46. Problem Identification 1. Identification of the Problem a) Population b) Health status c) Health resources

  47. Problem Identification 2. Explanation of the causes • Problem of health status • Socio- economic Factors • Problem with health resources

  48. Problem Identification 3. Indication of areas of Change • Nature • Magnitude • Extent • Attitude of health authority • Degree of removability

  49. Problem Identification 3. Indication of areas of Change: Criteria • Those that can be acted upon by the health sector and those falling under the areas of concern of other health sector. • Those which maybe solved immediately and those which will require medium or long term solutions • Those which can be acted upon locally and those which needs action at intermediate & central level. • Those which will require additional commitment and those which do not • Those which will require legislation

  50. Example of Obstacle Matrix and Areas of Change

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