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animal tissues and organ systems

Stem Cells. Undifferentiated cells with potential to develop into many cell typesEmbryonic stem cells, more versatileAdult stem cells, less versatile. . Body Organization. TissueGroup of cells performing same taskOrganTwo or more tissues performing same taskOrgan systemTwo or more organs performing same task.

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animal tissues and organ systems

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    1. Animal Tissues and Organ Systems Chapter 20

    3. Body Organization Tissue Group of cells performing same task Organ Two or more tissues performing same task Organ system Two or more organs performing same task

    4. Tissues Groups of cells and intercellular substances that interact in one or more tasks Example: muscle tissue

    5. Organs Group of tissues organized to perform a task or tasks Example: Heart is an organ that pumps blood through body Heart consists of muscle tissue, nervous tissue, connective tissue, and epithelial tissue

    6. Organ Systems Groups of organs that interact physically and/or chemically to perform a common task Example: Circulatory system includes heart, arteries, and other vessels that transport blood through the body

    7. Homeostasis Stable operating conditions in the internal environment Brought about by coordinated activities of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

    8. 4 Types of Tissues Epithelial tissues Connective tissues Muscle tissues Nervous tissues

    9. Epithelial Tissues Line body surfaces, cavities, ducts, and tubes One free surface faces a body fluid or the environment

    10. Epithelium

    11. Glands Secretory organs derived from epithelium Exocrine glands have ducts or tubes Endocrine glands are ductless

    12. Cell Junctions Tight junctions prevent leaks Gap junctions connect abutting cytoplasms Adhering junctions cement cells together

    13. Connective Tissues Most abundant tissues in the body Fibroblasts secrete polysaccharide “ground substance” that surrounds and supports cells fibers of collagen and/or elastin

    14. Soft Connective Tissues Loose connective tissue Dense, irregular connective tissue Dense, regular connective tissue

    15. Specialized Connective Tissues Cartilage Bone tissue Adipose tissue Blood

    17. Muscle Tissue Cells contract when stimulated Moves body and specific body parts 3 types Skeletal Cardiac Smooth

    18. Skeletal Muscle Attaches to and moves bones Long, cylindrical cells Striated cells Voluntary control

    19. Smooth Muscle Located in soft internal organs and blood vessels Cells taper at ends Cells not striated Not under voluntary control

    20. Cardiac Muscle Present only in heart Cells are branching ends of cells joined by communication junctions Cells striated Not under voluntary control

    21. Nervous Tissue Detects stimuli, integrates information, and relays commands for response Consists of excitable neurons and supporting neuroglial cells

    22. Functional zones of a motor neuron Neurons

    23. Neurons Excitable cells Stimulus sends electrical impulse along plasma membrane Transmits information to other neurons, muscles or glands

    24. Neuroglia Neuroglial cells make up more than half of nervous tissue Protect and support neurons

    25. 11 Major Organ Systems Integumentary Nervous Muscular Skeletal Circulatory Endocrine

    29. Position References: Humans

    30. Major Body Cavities Cranial cavity Spinal cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity

    32. Primary Tissues Three primary tissues in vertebrate embryos give rise to all adult tissues: Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

    33. Skin: An Organ System Epidermis: Stratified epithelium Dermis: Dense connective tissues Hypodermis: Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue

    36. Functions of Human Skin Protects body from injury, dehydration, UV radiation, and some pathogens Helps control temperature Receives external stimuli Involved in vitamin D production

    37. Sun Damages Skin UV light stimulates melanin production tans skin Tan protects inner layers against UV damage UV exposure causes elastin fibers to clump skin to age prematurely skin cancer

    38. Langerhans Cells White blood cells in skin Attack viruses and bacteria Stimulate immune system Are damaged by UV exposure

    39. Epithelial Tissues

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