Dublin, May 20 14

1. Dublin, May 2014 Neighbourhood Deprivation in a Changing Economic ClimateThe Pobal HP Deprivation Index, 1991 - 2011

2. The Underlying Dimensions of Social Disadvantage • Demographic Decline(predominantly rural) • population loss and the social and demographic effects of emigration (age dependency, low education of adult population) • Social Class Deprivation(applying in rural and urban areas) • social class composition, education, housing quality • Labour Market Deprivation(predominantly urban) • unemployment, lone parents, low skills base

3. Mapping Deprivation most disadvantaged most affluent

4. From bust to Boom and Bust Again

5. ED-Levelabsolute Index Scores1991

6. ED-Levelabsolute Index Scores1996

7. ED-Levelabsolute Index Scores2002

8. ED-Levelabsolute Index Scores2006

9. ED-Levelabsolute Index Scores2011

10. Comparison of Absolute Deprivation Scores, 1991-2011 Affluence grew significantly throughout the country over the 15-year period from 1991 to 2006. Greatest change occurred between 1996 and 2002. Affluence grew in concentric circles around the main urban centres, demarcating the exceptional expansion of the urban commuter belts. The recession after 2006 wiped out all progress made over the preceding 15 years.

11. ED-LevelRelativeIndex Scores1991

12. ED-LevelRelativeIndex Scores1996

13. ED-LevelRelativeIndex Scores2002

14. ED-LevelRelativeIndex Scores2006

15. ED-LevelRelativeIndex Scores2011

16. Relative Index Scores for Small Areas (SA) 2006

17. Relative Index Scoresfor Small Areas (SA) 2011

18. Comparison of Relative Deprivation Scores, 1991-2011 Despite the phenomenal growth and subsequent decline in Absolute Deprivation Scores, Relative Deprivation Scores have little changed between 1991 and 2011, representing random noise only. The most disadvantaged areas in 1991 are still the most disadvantaged in 2011 and the most affluent areas in 1991 are still the most affluent in 2011. The only exception to this general rule is Dublin Inner City, where the boom years have led to a substantial gentrification of previously disadvantaged areas.

19. Pobal HP Deprivation Index1991 – 2011

20. Local Authority Housing1991 – 2011(not used in Index)

21. Neighbourhood Deprivation in a Changing Economic Climate The following slides contain an analysis of key socio-economic indicators of high density social housing areas over the 20-year period from 1991 to 2011. Areas are defined on the basis of their share of households in Local Authority rented housing, using 3 contrasts: Low: less than 5% in LA rented accommodation Medium: between 5% and 50% in LA rented accommodation High: more than 50% in LA rented accommodation

22. Electoral Divisions with greater than 50% Local Authority Housing in 1991 (n=43)

23. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Population Share based on Definition as Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas Percentage of Households in Local Authority Housing * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

24. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Age Dependency Rate (%) Percentage of Lone Parent Families with Dependent Children * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

25. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Percentage of Adult Population with Primary Education only Percentage of Adult Population with Third Level Education * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

26. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Percentage of Adult Population in Higher and Lower Professional Classes Percentage of Adult Population in Unskilled and Semi-skilled Professions * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

27. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Male Unemployment Rate Female Unemployment Rate * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

28. Key characteristics of Areas with Low, Medium and High Levels of Local Authority Housing Absolute Pobal HP Deprivation Index Relative Pobal HP Deprivation Index * Based on the proportion of Low, Medium and High Density LA Housing Areas in 1991

29. Neighbourhood Deprivation in a Changing Economic Climate Although relative deprivation has by and large not changed over a 20 year period, the deprivation of high density social housing areas appears to have significantly improved between 1991 to 2011, at least when measured at the level of Electoral Divisions (EDs). Half of the areas characterised as high density LA housing areas (with more than 50% LA housing at ED level in 1991) are situated in Dublin City. Dublin Inner City was subject to significant gentrification during the boom years in terms of the development of previously vacant sites and the in-movement of significant populations of higher socio-economic background. Analysis of Small Area data from the 2006 and 2011 Census show that the EDs of Dublin Inner City now comprise of a patchwork of highly disadvantaged and affluent neighbourhoods in close proximity, masking the continued disadvantage of social housing estates.