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Chemical Control

Chemical Control. The Endocrine System. Hypothalamus- link between two systems. Anterior Pituitary. TSH. Prolactin. LH. ACTH. GH. MSH. FSH. Gonadotropins. Follicle stimulating hormone -FSH. Luteinizing hormone- LH. Stimulates the production of gametes in ovaries and testes

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Chemical Control

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  1. Chemical Control The Endocrine System

  2. Hypothalamus- link between two systems

  3. Anterior Pituitary TSH Prolactin LH ACTH GH MSH FSH

  4. Gonadotropins Follicle stimulating hormone -FSH Luteinizing hormone- LH • Stimulates the production of gametes in ovaries and testes • Stimulates the release of gonadal hormones in males and females • Stimulates the ovulation of the egg and the formation of the corpus lutea in the follicle, which will release progesterone- the pregnancy hormone • Stimulates the Leydig cells in testes to release androgens, such as testosterone

  5. The Hypothalamus (GnRH) Pituitary (FSH-LH) Testes (T) Connection

  6. Growth Hormone (GH)

  7. Prolactin- Milk production in In mammary glands

  8. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone(TSH) Stimulates the thyroid to release its hormone: thyroxine Influences metabolic rate, growth, and development.

  9. Thyroid and Parathyroid Calcitonin- causes calcium to be stored on bones (decreases calcium in blood) Parathormone- relases calcium stored on bones ( increases calcium in blood)

  10. Negative feedback ACTH Stress! Anterior Pituitary Glucocorticoids- cortisol- targets the Liver and other tissues to release Glucose. Adrenal Cortex Mineralcorticoids-aldosterone- increases reabsorption of Na+ in kidneys and excretion of K+, controls volume of ICF and blood

  11. Control of Blood Pressure

  12. MSH- melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Regulate synthesis of melanin in melanocytes in skin and hair, also linked to appetite and sexual arousal

  13. Hormones made in the HYPOTHALAMUS but stored in the…… Posterior Pituitary Oxytocin ADH- antidiuretic hormone (aka Vasopressin)

  14. Oxytocin LOVE Positive Feedback

  15. ADH- Antidiuretic Hormone Stimulus- decreased blood pressure, increased osmotic concentration, dehydration Target/Response- Arterial walls/Vasoconstriction for increased pressure, Distal tubule of kidneys/reabsorption of water for increased blood volume and pressure.

  16. Adrenal Medulla- controlled by Hypothalamus, not by releasing hormones, But by NERVES!! Stress!

  17. Epinephrine -Norepinephrine • aka Adrenaline • “Fight or Flight” response • Sudden response to fear, anger, pain, or physical exertion • Causes vasoconstriction • aka Noradrenaline • “Rest and Digest” response • Responsible for return to homeostasis • However, causes vasoconstriction, too

  18. Beta cells Alpha cells Pancreas- Insulin and Glucagon Antagonistichormones that control blood glucose levels

  19. Local Mediators Enzymes affecting nearby tissues

  20. Gastrin and Secretin and CCK

  21. Negative Feedback

  22. Prostaglandins Heat Memory Contraction/ relaxation of muscles

  23. Thymosin in the Thymus Stimulates the development of T lymphocytes

  24. And now for something completely different…. The Pineal Gland- tHe Third eye Produces melatonin- Which communicates information on environmental lighting to other tissues in the body

  25. Light detected by the retina of the eye first send the stimulus to the hypothalamus, fibers from the hypothalamus descend to the spinal cord and then to ganglia outside the spinal cord.

  26. From there a post-ganglian neuron relays the information to the pineal gland (similar to the adrenal gland).

  27. Melatonin has important effects in integrating photoperiod and affecting circadian rhythms. It has significant effects on reproduction, sleep-wake cycles and other phenomena showing circadian rhythm.

  28. Are YOU Awake??

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