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Management Control. Chemical control. Management Control. Chemical control Chief tool. Management Control. Chemical control Chief tool , but often creates other hazards. Management Control. Chemical control Chief tool, but often creates other hazards Evolution of resistance.
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Management • Control • Chemical control
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards • Evolution of resistance
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards • Evolution of resistance • Herbicide needs to be approved for target species
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards • Evolution of resistance • Herbicide needs to be approved for target species • Often expensive
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards • Evolution of resistance • Herbicide needs to be approved for target species • Often expensive • Public opposition
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but often creates other hazards • Evolution of resistance • Herbicide needs to be approved for target species • Often expensive • Public opposition • Many above compounded by need for repeated applications
Management • Control • Chemical control • To spray, or not to spray?
Management • Control • Chemical control • To spray, or not to spray? • Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”?
Management • Control • Chemical control • To spray, or not to spray? • Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”? • How effective is herbicide against targets? • Will herbicide affect non-targets? • Will herbicide use conflict with other management goals/uses? • Will there be adverse environmental impacts? • Is it cost effective?
Management • Control • Chemical control • To spray, or not to spray? • Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”? • Can the herbicide be practically and safely used?
Management • Control • Chemical control • To spray, or not to spray? • Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”? • Can the herbicide be practically and safely used? • Have you read and understood the label? • What are the safety protocols for storing, mixing, transporting, using, disposing of herbicide? • What are federal, state, & local regulations for use of herbicide? • Is specific or general applicator training or permits required? • Is the appropriate protective gear available and practical to use?
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use?
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Based on chemical structure • Mode of action • Similar chemical structure usually similar modes of action, but different structure can also give similar modes of action
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Auxin mimics
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Auxin mimics • Mitosis inhibitors
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Auxin mimics • Mitosis inhibitors • Photosynthesis inhibitors
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Auxin mimics • Mitosis inhibitors • Photosynthesis inhibitors • Amino acid synthesis inhibitors
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Auxin mimics • Mitosis inhibitors • Photosynthesis inhibitors • Amino acid synthesis inhibitors • Lipid synthesis inhibitors
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Ingredients • Active ingredients • Adjuvants • Solvents, carriers, dyes
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Ingredients • Form • Liquid, sprayable • Dry granules, pellets, or dusts
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Movement
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Movement • Immobilization
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Movement • Immobilization • Degradation • Photodegradation • Microbial degradation • Chemical decomposition
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Movement • Immobilization • Degradation • Photodegradation • Microbial degradation • Chemical decomposition • Volatilization
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Toxicity • LD50 / LC50
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Toxicity • LD50 / LC50 • Human toxicity
Management • Control • Chemical control • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Toxicity • LD50 / LC50 • Human toxicity • Adjuvants, impurities, & degradation products
Management • Control • Chemical control • Chief tool, but: • Evolution of resistance • Approved for target species • Expensive • Public opposition • Repeated applications • To spray, or not to spray • Does the “good” outweigh the “bad”? • Can the herbicide be practically and safely used? • Which herbicide to use? • Herbicide families • Mode of action • Pre-emergent vs post-emergent • Formulation • Dissipation • Toxicity
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods:
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar • Spot
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar • Spot • Wick
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar • Spot • Wick • Boom
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark • Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”)
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark • Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”) • Injection
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark • Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”) • Injection • Cut-stump
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark • Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”) • Injection • Cut-stump • Pellet
Management • Control • Chemical control • Application methods: • Foliar (spot, wick, boom) • Basal bark • Frill method (aka “hack & squirt”) • Injection • Cut-stump • Pellet • Pre-emergent
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA)
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements • Directions for use
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements • Directions for use • Re-entry statement
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements • Directions for use • Re-entry statement • Storage & disposal directions
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements • Directions for use • Re-entry statement • Storage & disposal directions • Statement of use
Management • Control • Chemical control • Pesticide labels (regulated by EPA) • Precautionary statements • Directions for use • Re-entry statement • Storage & disposal directions • Statement of use • Product name and contents