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Beyond pGLO. Genetic Engineering and Stem Cells. Restriction enzymes: Have sticky ends or overhangs of DNA. This helps to “glue” in the gene of interest in the right direction. Must find a plasmid with the appropriate sticky ends that match your gene. Sticky Ends. Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Beyond pGLO Genetic Engineering and Stem Cells
Restriction enzymes: • Have sticky ends or overhangs of DNA. • This helps to “glue” in the gene of interest in the right direction. • Must find a plasmid with the appropriate sticky ends that match your gene. Sticky Ends
Polymerase Chain Reaction • Taq polymerase • Nucleotides • Thermocycler • http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/pcr.htm PCR
How might cell-based delivery avoid problems associated with direct delivery
Gel Electrophoresis: • http://www.dnalc.org/resources/animations/gelelectrophoresis.html • Gene Chip: • http://www.sumanasinc.com/webcontent/animations/content/dnachips2.html • How could gene chip technology transform medicine as we know it? How do you tell a cell has a certain gene?
Learn how a mouse is cloned. • http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/cloning/clickandclone/ • Many copies of identical mice are cloned from mouse embryos. You can have essentially 1000 identical twins with the same genetics. • This has been used in science for many years. What is cloning?
Epigenetic patterns already in place (how is DNA tagged to turn genes on and off?) • Transplantation process is costly. • Cells are genetically “older”. Telomerase has been deactivated. Problems with cloning from adult cells