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Energy in a Cell

Energy in a Cell. I. Cell Energy. A. Energy is required for: -active transport -cell division -movement of flagella or cilia -production, transport, & storage of proteins -muscle contractions -heart pumping -brain controlling the body. B. How do consumers obtain energy?.

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Energy in a Cell

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  1. Energy in a Cell

  2. I. Cell Energy • A. Energy is required for: -active transport -cell division -movement of flagella or cilia -production, transport, & storage of proteins -muscle contractions -heart pumping -brain controlling the body

  3. B. How do consumers obtain energy? • They eat plants or animals that eat plants

  4. C. ATP • A molecule present in all living things that stores energy in a useable form

  5. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • A. Structural difference between ATP and ADP? -ATP has 3 phosphate groups & ADP has only 2 phosphate groups

  6. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • B. Molecules in both ATP & ADP? -adenine, ribose, and phosphate

  7. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • C. Which structure has more stored energy? -ATP; energy is stored in the bonds that link one phosphate group to another and ATP has 3 of these bonds whereas ADP has only 2

  8. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • D. Converting ADP to ATP: -A phosphate group is added to ADP (this requires an input of energy, which is stored in the new phosphate bond; water is a by product of this reaction)

  9. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • E. Converting ATP to ADP: -Water is used to remove a phosphate group from ATP (As the phosphate group is removed, energy stored in the bond is released)

  10. II. Forming & Breaking Down ATP • F. Why doesn’t a cell have to store all of the ATP it needs? -ATP has a formation/breakdown recycling relationship with ADP - as long as phosphate groups are available, more ATP can be quickly formed

  11. III. Uses of Cell Energy • Nerve Cells: use ATP to move ions & transmit nerve impulses • Fireflies: produce light (bioluminescence) - requires breakdown of ATP • Kidneys: move molecules & ions to eliminate waste while retaining nutrients

  12. ENERGY IN A CELL - WS • To do biological work, cells require energy. A quick source of energy that cells use the the molecule ATP. The energy in this molecule is stored in its chemical bonds. ATP is composed of an adenine molecule bonded to a ribose sugar. Three charged molecules called phosphate groups are attached to the sugar.

  13. ENERGY IN A CELL - WS • How is energy stored & released by ATP? Energy that is used to add a phosphate group to ADP becomes stored in the chemical bond in the resulting ATP molecule. The stored energy is released when ATP is broken down into ADP and a phosphate group is released (cut off).

  14. ENERGY IN A CELL - WS • How do cells use the energy released from ATP? Many ways - making new molecules, maintaining homeostasis, transmitting nerve impulses, movement, producing light, etc.

  15. The End.

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