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Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E.- 1200 C.E.

Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E.- 1200 C.E. The Kingdom of Meroe 800 B.C.E. – 350 C.E. Nubia is located in the Nile Valley between tropical Africa and the Mediterranean world. Natural Resources: gold, precious stones, and copper.

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Unit 2-5 Africa and the Americas 500 B.C.E.- 1200 C.E.

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  1. Unit 2-5Africa and the Americas500 B.C.E.- 1200 C.E.

  2. The Kingdom of Meroe800 B.C.E. – 350 C.E. • Nubia is located in the Nile Valley between tropical Africa and the Mediterranean world. • Natural Resources: gold, precious stones, and copper

  3. For a time the Nubians ruled Egypt as the 25th dynasty (712-660 B.C.E.). • In the 4th century B.C.E. the kingdom moved its capital to Meroe. Why? • Egyptian culture faded during the Meroe period • Matrilineal family system, queens often were influential • Dominated trade routes • Technology: reservoirs and iron smelting

  4. Aksum • By 50 C.E. a substantial state emerged based on Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade. • Animal products • Taxes were a major source of revenue • Christianity • Linked to Christians in Egypt (Coptic Church) Decline: deforestation, soil exhaustion and rise of Islam.

  5. Bantu Africa • Self-conscious migration not a conquest • Farmers replaced foragers in Classical Era • Advantages of farmers • Numbers • Disease • Iron Changes: languages, trade networks Agriculture: yams, bananas, coconut, sugarcane (Indonesian sailors) Domestication: sheep and cattle

  6. Est. political authority Religion: less emphasis on distant God figure, more on ancestor, rituals, charms, witchcraft, and sacrifice

  7. Classical Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica 200-900

  8. The Maya • 250-900, in modern day Guatemala, Honduras, Belize, and south Mexico. • However: • Agricultural productivity • Elevated fields, terrace fields • Forest resources • Irrigation systems

  9. Large city states • Impressive monuments • Simple technology • Religion • Three layers: • rulers/elites served as priests • Military • Captives, not territory. Why? • Women • Elite • Non-Elite

  10. Technology • The most important developments were the calendar, math,and _______. • Collapse 800-900 • Reasons: disruption of trade, overpopulation, and disease

  11. Teotihuacan • Large Mesoamerican city from 450 C.E.-600 C.E.. It population was 125,000to 200,000. Dominated by religious structures, including pyramids and human sacrifice.

  12. Agricultural innovation • Farming families • Irrigation • Chinampas • Lodging • Apartment-like buildings • Commoners: • Residential compounds • Elites:

  13. Government • Family v. Kings • Goals of military: • Collapse in 650:

  14. Early South American Civilization: Chavin 900 B.C.E.-250 B.C.E. • Chavin were the first major urban civilization in South America • Combination of military and appeal of religious system explains its influence over its territory • Possessed all the essential characteristics of later Andean civilizations, including a clan based system of labor. • Evidence suggest that increased warfare led to the fall of Chavin around 200 B.C.E.

  15. Moche • Peru 200 C.E. , had mit’a labor system to produce a range of crops. • Maize, beans, quinoa • Stratified and theocratic • Power in the elite priests and military leaders • Artisans were skilled in textiles, portrait vases, and metallurgy. • Gold, silver, copper alloy • Fall:

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