The Periodic Table

1. The Periodic Table Session 4 Chemistry for Real People

2. Heads up Review • Why might some science students believe you must be an atheist to be a scientist?

3. Heads up Review Add the 2 volumes of liquid accurately. How many significant figures can you report? (Hint – in adding and subtracting only decimals count.

4. Heads up Review • In the previous slide there are 2 things wrong with accurately measuring those volumes. What are they? Hint – look at the picture.

5. Heads up Review Determine how precise this chemistry scale is. We would report it correctly by saying, “This measurement is precise to the ………… decimal place.”

6. Heads up Review • The difference in electrical charge between a proton and an electron is precise to ______________________ of 1%.

7. Heads up Review True or False • The most precise man can be with his best design tools and specifications is 0.001 of 1%.

8. Heads up Review Ten moles of plutonium would weigh _______________________________ ?

9. Heads up Review • The periodic table does not report units behind the atomic mass. Since units are such an important part of science, why would they neglect to do this?

10. Heads up Review • What is another name for Avogadro’s number and what is that number?

11. Heads up Review How much does one proton weigh? Proton

12. The bible supports objective science.

13. Information science and patterns • Complete this pattern: • Complete this pattern: 2,4,8,16,32,64……….. • What is required to complete patterns?

14. Digital patterns always come from intelligence • Digital patterns are patterns with one digit followed by another digit, followed by another. Think of piano keys. You can play each key, but you cannot get sound in between keys.

15. The fibonacci sequence – the pattern of nature. God’s signature? Is this a digital pattern?

16. Fibonacci patterns in nature 21 spirals 34 spirals 21 & 34 are consecutive Fibonacci numbers

17. Fibonacci patterns in nature 8 acorn spirals 13 acorn spirals 8 and 13 are consecutive Fibonacci numbers

18. Fibonacci patterns in nature

19. Fibonacci patterns in nature If you look at the two grooves created by the twisting of the double helix strand. It creates a major groove and minor groove that is to the Golden Proportion. By now you probably won’t be surprised, but the major grooves and minor groves that created form twisting the DNA strand are consecutive Fibonacci numbers 21 & 13 angstroms in size.

20. Fibonacci patterns in nature We can create a Golden Rectangle from Fibonacci Numbers too. Just square each Fibonacci Number .

21. Law of Entropy – also known as the 2nd law of thermodynamics Things go from order to disorder without the input of intelligence and a plan. Energy alone cannot create order. What would happen if you put wind energy (a fan) in the messy room?

22. Family Tree Organization – Just like families of elements.

23. Overview of the periodic table 1 8 Each Row is a Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 Variable 3 4 5 6 7 Variable

24. Shells = Energy levels. fill by squaring the shell number and multiplying the answer by 2. 13 12 14 6 15 5 7 11 Nucleus 8 16 10 1 2 17 9 4 18 1 8 1 7 2 2 6 3 3 5 4

25. Calculating the number of electrons in each shell • Identify the number of the shell, i.e. 1st shell, 2nd shell, 3rd shell …. • Square the number, i.e. 12 22 32 42 and so forth • Multiply the answer by 2. • Example: 3rd shell • 32 x 2 = 18 18 electrons go in the 3rd shell.

26. Valence electrons • Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer most shell. The are most stable when there are 8 electrons in that shell. That is called the octet rule.

27. Valence and the periodic Table Valence of chemical families on the periodic chart! 1 8 3 4 5 6 7 2 Variable Variable

28. How many valence electrons?

29. Isotopes • Easy, easy! Have no fear, chem cat can do it! • Element CHET-NWonium has an atomic mass of 10.25. It has an atomic number of 5. • CHET-NWonium has 5 protons. Since the weight is 10.25, there must be more inside that nucleus. Those things are 5 neutrons. • Where does the .25 come from • It has 3 isotopes also. They are 5CH6 & 5CH7 & 5CH3 • 5 is the atomic number. 6 is the number of neutrons in the first isotope. 5+6 = 11

30. Atomic weight and isotopes The atomic mass reported on the periodic table is an average of the weight of all the known isotopes.

31. Calculating atomic mass • CHET- NWonium has these isotopes 5CH6 & 5CH7 & 5CH3 • Their masses are 11, 12, and 8. • The weight of the original element is 5 protons + 5 neutrons = 10. • 11 + 12 + 8 + 10 = 41 Now divide 41 by 4. • Answer 10.25 - it is the average of the isotopes.

32. Practice

33. How to build a periodic table!! • Place the 48 cards face up on the table • Identify all cards with the same chemical properties and place them in groups. • Place groups that lose electrons on left and those that gain electrons on right. Make a vertical column • Now arrange the columns so that the lowest atomic weight is at the top and highest is at the bottom.

34. How to build a periodic table!! • Now arrange all the rows so that they have increasing atomic weight from left to right. • There should be 18 columns when complete. • This is a very similar process to the one Mendeleev used to create the first periodic table.

35. The periodic table’s patterns and orderliness argue for a creator.