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Introduction and Applications

Introduction and Applications. HDM-4 Concept. Predicts road network performance as a function of: Traffic volumes and loading Road pavement type and strength Maintenance standards Environment / Climate Quantifies benefits to road users from: Savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC)

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Introduction and Applications

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  1. Introduction and Applications

  2. HDM-4 Concept • Predicts road network performance as a function of: • Traffic volumes and loading • Road pavement type and strength • Maintenance standards • Environment / Climate • Quantifies benefits to road users from: • Savings in vehicle operating costs (VOC) • Reduced road user travel times • Decrease in number of accidents • Environmental effects

  3. Life Cycle Analysis Poor Maintenance Standard Roughness Pavement Performance Curve Rehabilitation Good Time / Traffic Loading Rehabilitation Cost Cumulative Maintenance Cost Road Agency Cost Time (years)

  4. Rutting Weak Pavement Rutting (mm) Strong Pavement Pavement Age (Years)

  5. Crack Progression dACA = annual increase in area cracked Kcpa = calibration factor YE4 = traffic loading SNP = pavement strength How long does it take in Bulgaria?

  6. Crack Progression Calibration

  7. Model Calibration

  8. Road User Effects • Vehicle operating costs • fuel, oil, tyres, parts consumption • vehicle utilisation & depreciation • Travel time • passengers • cargo • Road accidents • Energy consumption • Vehicle emissions & noise

  9. Vehicle Operation Costs Heavy Truck Bus Road User Costs ($/veh-km) Pickup/utility Car Rickshaw Road Condition (IRI) Good Poor

  10. HDM-4 Applications • Road sector policy studies • Strategic planning of road network development, improvement & maintenance • Preparation of multi-year road work programs • Economic appraisal of individual road projects • Research studies

  11. Strategy Analysis • Objectives: • Determine budget allocations for road maintenance and improvement • Prepare for work programmes • Determine long term network performance • Assess impact on road users The analysis of entire road networks to determine funding needs and/or to predict future performance under budget constraints

  12. Network Condition Summary Roughness in 2008 < 3.5 IRI 28% 3.5 < IRI < > 5.0 IRI 5.0 64% 8%

  13. Impact of Budget Levels Class I Roads AnnualBudget 6.0 $10m 5.0 $15m Average Roughness (IRI) 4.0 $20m Target = 3.5 IRI 3.0 2.0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

  14. Impact of Budget Allocations Class III Roads $30m/yr Class II Roads $35m/yr Class I Roads $20m/yr

  15. Program Analysis • Objective: prioritise candidate road projects in each year within annual budget constraint • Annual budgets obtained from strategic maintenance plan Preparation of single or multi-year road work and expenditure programs under specified budget constraints.

  16. Work Program Output 2003 2003 2003 2003 2003 2004 2004 2004 2005 2005 2005

  17. Work Program Output (2)

  18. Project types New construction, upgrading Reconstruction, resealing Widening, lane addition Economic indicators Net present value (NPV) Economic rate of return (ERR) Benefit cost ratio (BCR), NPV/C First year rate of return (FYRR) Project Economic Analysis

  19. Road Management Systems Data Collection Management Information Decision Support Database Inventory Condition Structures Traffic Furniture Unit Costs Standards RDBMS (RIMS) Life Cycle Analysis (HDM-4) Standard & Custom Reports

  20. Conclusions – Why HDM-4? • Transparency of analysis • Economic analysis capable of: • Short, medium & long term analyses • What-if analysis • Internationally accepted analysis framework • Availability of technical expertise • Local calibration

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