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Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System. By: Taylor Schwanzer. What is the Endocrine System?. Hormone - Secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning

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Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

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  1. Chapter 45:Hormones and the Endocrine System By: Taylor Schwanzer

  2. What is the Endocrine System? • Hormone - Secreted chemicals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells in other parts of the body to change their functioning • Endocrine System - The internal system of communication involving hormones, the ductless glands that secrete hormones, and the molecular receptors on or in target cells that respond to hormones • Target Cells are those cells equipped to respond to hormones • Endocrine glands which are hormone-secreting organs • Neurosecretory cells secrete hormones into the blood

  3. Signaling Molecules • Hormones: send regulatory messages throughout the body in extracellular fluid • Endocrine signaling • Local Regulators - cells adjacent to or near point of secretion • Neurotransmitters • Cytokines and growth factors • Nitric oxide • Prostaglandins - help regulate the aggregation of platelets • Paracrine Signaling • Autocrine Signaling • Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones • Neuroendocrine Signaling • Synaptic Signaling • Pheromones

  4. Chemical Classes of Hormones

  5. Cellular Response Pathways • Water-Soluble Hormones • Lipid-Soluble Hormones • Multiple Effects of Hormones on target cells that have: • Different receptors for the hormone • Different signal transduction pathways • Different proteins for carrying out the response

  6. Simple Hormone Pathways Simple Endocrine Pathway • Insulin and Glucagon: Control of Blood Glucose • Diabetes Mellitus • Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) • Type 2 (Non-Insulin-Dependent) Positive Feedback

  7. Coordination of the Endocrine and Nervous Systems • Invertebrates • Vertebrates • Posterior Pituitary Hormones • Oxytocin • Antideuretic hormone (ADH) • Anterior Pituitary Hormones • Each hypothalamic hormone is either a releasing or inhibiting hormone • Hormone Cascade Pathway • Tropic Hormones • Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) • Luteinizing Hormone (LH) • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) • Nontropic Hormones • Prolactin (PRL) • Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) • Growth Hormones (GH) Hormone Cascade Pathway

  8. Endocrine Glands • Thyroid Gland • Control of Metabolism and Development and Homeostasis • Thyroid Hormone: Triiodothyronine(T3) and thyroxine (T4) • Parathyroid Gland and Vitamin D • Control of Blood Calcium • Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

  9. Endocrine Glands Cont. • Adrenal Gland • Response to Stress • Adrenal Medulla • Catecholamines: Epinephrine and Norpinephrine • Adrenal Cortex • Corticosteroids: Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids • Pineal Gland • Melatonin • Biorhythms • Gonads • Sex Hormones • Androgens • Testosterone • Estrogens • Estradiol • Progestins • Progesterone

  10. Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones

  11. Major Human Endocrine Glands and Some of Their Hormones Cont.

  12. Sources • http://www.hormone.org/Endo101/gland_diagram.cfm • http://humanphisiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Cell_signaling.jpg/197555318/Cell_signaling.jpg • http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3bio315/picts/lectures/lecture4/TypesInterCellSig1.jpg • http://courses.washington.edu/conj/bess/intro/nonpolar.png • https://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-16_at_10.50.44_PM.png/211303716/Screen_shot_2011-03-16_at_10.50.44_PM.png • http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/hormone_types.jpg • http://www.orko.cz/Varia/Pro%20Katku/Campbell%20obr%E1zky/45_Art_for_Students/45_05ReceptorLocation_2-L.jpg • http://greatneck.k12.ny.us/gnps/shs/dept/science/krauz/bio_h/images/45_04CellSpecificResponse_L.jpg • http://www.nicerweb.com/bio1152/Locked/media/ch45/45_11SimpleEndocPathway-L.jpg • https://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-10_at_10.39.11_AM.png/211216252/Screen_shot_2011-03-10_at_10.39.11_AM.png • http://www.proprofs.com/flashcards/upload/a6798901.png • http://kleczekbiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/Screen_shot_2011-03-18_at_10.41.35_AM.png/211900310/Screen_shot_2011-03-18_at_10.41.35_AM.png • http://www.anselm.edu/homepage/jpitocch/genbio/antpostpit.JPG • http://www.freewebs.com/apbiosite/calc%20homeo.bmp • http://www.natural-supplements-guide.com/images/thyroid_gland.gif • http://www.pauerhome.com/ryan/endocrine_system/pictures/parathyroid_gland_diagram_1.jpg • http://humanityhealing.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Pineal-Gland_Humanity-Healing-1.jpg • http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_hhUdKwzDmA4/SwT2uQ41bKI/AAAAAAAAAPw/AQKy5BmKUI8/s1600/hor.jpg • http://fog.ccsf.org/~mmalacho/physio/oll/Lesson2/images/7BSlide1.JPG

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