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Biomolecules discussion

Biomolecules discussion. What is a Biomolecule?. Organic molecule made by living organisms Consist mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). But wait…What is an Organic Molecule?. Organic Molecules: Contain carbon Considered the “chemicals of life” Inorganic Molecules:

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Biomolecules discussion

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  1. Biomolecules discussion

  2. What is a Biomolecule? • Organic molecule made by living organisms • Consist mostly of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)

  3. But wait…What is an Organic Molecule? • Organic Molecules: • Contain carbon • Considered the “chemicals of life” • Inorganic Molecules: • Do not contain carbon

  4. Monomers vs. Polymers • Monomers: • Molecules that may react with similar molecules to form a chain • Polymers: • A chain of many monomers that are chemically bonded together

  5. Formation of Polymers • Animation • How are polymers formed? • Dehydration Synthesis (Condensation): Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are removed from the monomers to form water, and the two monomers are joined together.

  6. Breakdown of Polymers • Animation • How are polymers broken down? • Hydrolysis—the reverse of dehydration synthesis (condensation) • Water added to the polymer, un-linking the chain and breaking it back down to its original monomer units

  7. Carbohydrates • What are they? • Group of organic molecules that includes sugars, starches and cellulose.

  8. Carbohydrates • Structure: • Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio • (CH2O)n – n is an integer such as 5 (C5H10O5) • Subunits: Monosaccharides, such as glucose or fructose • Most often in a ring shape • Subunits are connected with covalent bonds

  9. Monosaccharide Example

  10. Disaccharide Example

  11. Polysaccharide Example

  12. Carbohydrates • Function: • Energy • Structural Support • Cell Wall • Cell Membrane Marker

  13. Lipids • What are they? • Organic molecule group including fats and phospholipids

  14. Lipids • Structure: • Subunits: • Glycerol and fatty acids • Glycerol and fatty acids plus phosphate group • Insoluble in water • Do not form large polymers (2 or 3 fatty acids with glycerol) • Examples: diglyceride and triglyceride

  15. Triglyceride Example

  16. Phospholipid Example

  17. Lipids • Function: • Energy storage • Insulation • Part of cell membrane (phospholipids) • Hormones

  18. Proteins • What are proteins? • Group of organic molecules that provides structure and facilitates chemical reactions.

  19. Proteins • Structure: • Subunits: Amino acids • Amino acids connect via peptide bonds • Very large molecules • Globular or structural

  20. Amino Acid

  21. Proteins • Function: • Lots of functions! • Enzymes (speed rate of chemical reactions) • Structural components in cells • Mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton (internal cell framework) • Cell signaling • Immune response

  22. Nucleic Acids • What are Nucleic Acids? • Group of organic molecules including DNA and RNA

  23. Nucleic Acids • Structure: • Subunits are nucleotides—5-Carbon sugar, Nitrogen base and one or more Phosphate groups

  24. Nucleic Acids • Function: • Storage and retrieval of information: • Encode genes • Gene expression

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