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The 1850s:

Explore the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel on the tensions leading to the Civil War, including the Compromise of 1850 and Know-Nothing party. Learn about key events like Bleeding Kansas, Ostend Manifesto, and the rise of the Republican Party. Discover the Dred Scott case, Lincoln-Douglas debates, John Brown's raid, and the 1860 election amid growing secession threats. Delve into the divided nation and the critical role of slavery in shaping the political landscape of the 1850s.

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The 1850s:

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  1. The 1850s: Road to Secession

  2. Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 • California statehood. • Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession. • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws

  3. Compromise of 1850

  4. HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896) “So this is the lady who started the Civil War. “ --Abraham Lincoln

  5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade!

  6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

  7. The “Know-Nothings”[The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants.

  8. 1852 Presidential Election ( √Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil (“cotton” vs. “conscience” Whigs)

  9. 1852Election Results

  10. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

  11. “Bleeding Kansas” Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)

  12. OSTEND MANIFESTO, Oct. 1854 • Unofficial confidential document issued by US foreign ministers becomes public • Urged US to acquire Cuba thru any nec means • North outraged—WHY? • Viewed it as slaveowners’ plot

  13. “The Crime Against Kansas”THE CANING OF SUMNER, 1855 Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

  14. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c)

  15. During Pierce’s admin, Whig party fell apart • --Clay & Webster gone • --Split b/t North vs South   • In its place, 2 new parties emerged: • (1) American or “Know-Nothing” (anti-immigrants & Catholics) • (2) Republican

  16. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

  17. 1856 Presidential Election √James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

  18. 1856Election Results

  19. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

  20. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

  21. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine PopularSovereignty?

  22. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

  23. 1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat

  24. Republican Party Platform in 1860 • Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] • Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. • No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. • Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. • Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. • Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

  25. 1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

  26. Honest Abe Taking Them on the Half Shell (Currier and Ives, 1860.

  27. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

  28. 1860 Election Results

  29. Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)

  30. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

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