Human Body Systems and Functions

1. Human Body SystemsandFunctions

2. Skeletal • Serves as the anchor for all the body’s movements • Provides support • Protects soft organs inside the body • Muscular • Provide movement • Maintain body temperature • Maintain posture • Digestive • Absorb nutrients • Absorb water • Remove waste

3. Respiratory • To get oxygen from the environment • Remove carbon dioxide and other waste • Urinary • To filter liquid waste from the blood • Circulatory • Deliver oxygen to the body • Immune • Defends against pathogens and disease

4. Integumentary • Repels water • Guards against disease • Helps maintain homeostasis • Senses the environment • Endocrine • To control the conditions in your body by making and sending chemicals from one part to another. • Nervous • Detects and interprets information • Controls most of the body’s functions

5. Sample question • Which function summarizes the excretory system? • A. It removes waste • B. It collects oxygen • C. It attacks diseases • D. It delivers nutrients

6. Human Body SystemsOrgans

7. Skeletal • Bones • Muscular • Cardiac Muscles – The Heart - Involuntary • Smooth Muscles – Digestive - Involuntary • Skeletal Muscles – Voluntary • Cartilage – cushion between your bones that acts as a shock absorber • Tendons- attaches muscle to bone • Ligaments- attaches bone to bone

8. Digestive • Salivary Glands – moisten foods and enzymes break down food. • Esophagus – carries food from the throat to the stomach through peristalsis. • Stomach – mix and mash food particles • Small Intestine – nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. • Large Intestine - absorbs water and some other nutrients • Pancreas – to regulate glucose in the bloodstream • Liver – secretes bile for digestion and removes toxins from the blood. • Gall Bladder – stores bile • Rectum – eliminates waste from the body

9. Respiratory • Nose – allows oxygen to enter the body • Trachea – connects the throat to the bronchial tubes • Larynx/Voice Box – helps with breathing and sound production • Lungs – responsible for breathing in oxygen and exhaling out CO2 • Bronchial Tubes – branches which connect the trachea to the lungs • Alveoli – tiny sacs (1-cell thick) at the end of the bronchial tubes which exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood • Ribs – encloses the thoracic cavity • Diaphragm – a large muscle that stretches across the floor of the thoracic cavity

10. Urinary • Kidneys – filter blood • Ureters – tubes which carry waste from the kidneys to the bladder • Bladder – sac that store liquid waste and has a wall of smooth muscle • Urethra – tube that carries liquid waste outside of the body • Circulatory • Heart – pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. • Veins – blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart • Arteries – blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart • Capillaries – tiny blood vessels that connect arteries with veins

11. Immune 1. Lymph Nodes – acts as a filter or traps foreign particles 2. Spleen – remove old red blood cells and stores blood • Integumentary • Skin • Epidermis – outer layer of skin • Dermis – inner layer of skin • Hair • Nails

12. Endocrine • Thyroid – Necessary for metabolism • Pancreas – regulates glucose • Adrenal Gland – regulates carbohydrates, proteins, fats, metabolism, water and salt levels • Nervous • Central Nervous System a. Brain b. Spinal Cord 2. Peripheral Nervous System a. Sensory Nerves b. Motor Nerves 3. Autonomic Nervous System – involuntary (heart, stomach) 4. Voluntary Nervous System – voluntary (skeletal muscles)

13. Human Body SystemsInteractions

14. Skeletal • Bone Marrow- makes red blood (circulatory) • Rib Cage- protects lungs and heart (respiratory and circulatory) • Muscular – attaches muscles to bones • Muscular • Skeletal – attaches muscles to bones • Circulatory – brings nutrients to the muscles • Digestive – stomach and esophagus (smooth muscles) • Digestive • Endocrine – pancreas • Circulatory – nutrients absorbed in the blood stream • Muscular – stomach and esophagus (smooth muscles)

15. Respiratory • Circulatory- receives oxygen from the red blood cells • Nervous – controls breathing • Immune – foreign particles in the lungs trigger the immune system to remove particles • Urinary • Endocrine – adrenal glands release chemical to allow kidneys to regulate fluids in the body • Circulatory - blood is cleansed and liquid waste is removed • Muscular – regulate and release urine

16. Circulatory • Muscular – blood brings nutrients and oxygen to the muscles • Digestive – nutrients in the small intestine are absorbed in the bloodstream • Respiratory – oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged from the blood to the alveoli in the lungs Immune 1. Respiratory - foreign particles in the lungs trigger the immune system to remove particles 2. Skeletal – immune cells are found in bone marrow 3. Digestive – appendix and tonsils help decide what is food or pathogens

17. Nervous • Muscular – your brain tell your muscles to move • Digestive - triggers the start of digestion and release of many hormones and enzymes throughout your body. • Endocrine – your brain decides when hormones are created

18. Sample question • How do the respiratory and circulatory systems work together? • A. The respiratory system takes in carbon dioxide, while the circulatory system delivers carbon dioxide to the cells • B. The circulatory system takes in carbon dioxide, while the respiratory system delivers carbon dioxide to the cells • C. The respiratory system takes in oxygen, while the circulatory system delivers oxygen to the cells • D. The circulatory system takes in oxygen, while the respiratory system delivers oxygen to the cells

19. Sample Question Which function summarizes the excretory system? • It removes waste • It collects oxygen • It attacks diseases • It delivers nutrients