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Organic Chemistry

Dive into the world of organic chemistry, learning about hydrocarbons, alkyl groups, isomers, aromatics, and more. Explore fundamental concepts and naming conventions in this comprehensive guide.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry John Romano Zack Daniels Kate Neigish Jackie Laboe

  2. Organic • Organic refers to compounds containing carbon, and often hydrogen, oxygen, and other non-metal elements • Three common characteristics: • Bonds are covalent (non-ionic) • Each carbon forms a total of four bonds • Carbon atoms can be bonded to each other or to other nonmetal atoms (hydrogen, halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, etc)

  3. Hydrocarbons • Simplest type of organic compound consisting solely of hydrogen and carbon atoms

  4. Alkanes • Saturated Hydrocarbons: single bonded carbon atom • Have the ending “-ANE” Ethane

  5. Alkenes • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: double bonded carbon atom • Have the ending “-ENE” Ethene

  6. Alkynes • Unsaturated Hydrocarbon with a triple bonded carbon atom • Have the ending “-YNE” Ethyne

  7. Alkyl Groups Chains that are added on to hydrocarbons and affect nomenclature, being preceded by numeric indication of their location  Methyl: CH3--- Ethyl: CH3---CH2 Propyl: CH3--- CH2--- CH2

  8. Branched Chains • When a hydrocarbon is not a straight-chain, the naming is more complex • The suffix indicates parent chain • The prefix indicates branching group the number indicates its location

  9. Geometric Isomers • Same formula but different orientation • Cis same side of carbons • Trans  different side of carbons Cis-2-Butene Trans-2-Butene

  10. Joke Time…. • Name this compound:

  11. Answer…. • ¡¡¡TRANSPARENT!!! 

  12. Aromatics • Derived from the single compound of Benzene, C6H6, which is in a hexagonal shape (three single / three double bonds). • Functional groups bonded to compound are named as a prefix to “-benzene” Chlorobenzene

  13. Functional Group Orientation • Isomers of benzene have three prefixes for orientation of dual functional groups Para- Meta- Ortho- 1,4-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,2-dichlorobenzene

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