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Warm Up Wednesday January 7, 2015

Learn about the function of the excretory system, the role of the nervous system, and anatomy of neurons. Discover how excretion contributes to homeostasis and the communication between neurons. Understand the central and peripheral nervous systems and common nervous system injuries.

patriciaperez
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Warm Up Wednesday January 7, 2015

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  1. Warm UpWednesday January 7, 2015 • What is the function of the excretory system? • What is a nephron? • How does excretion contribute to homeostasis?

  2. The Nervous System Notes

  3. Brain Teaser • 15 14 9 1 6 3 Which number comes next in the sequence? 4,7,10 or 12 ?

  4. Functions of the Nervous System • Receives information for all body activities • Responds and adapts to changes that occur both inside and outside the body (Ex: pain, temperature, pregnancy) 3. Maintains homeostasis

  5. Central Nervous System Neurons : the cells that make up your nervous system Nerve Impulse: the message a neuron carries 30,000 neurons can fit on a pinhead

  6. Anatomy of a Neuron Each neuron contains: - Cell body with nucleus - Dendrites : fibers that carry impulses toward the neuron’s cell body - Axons : fibers that carry impulses away from the cell body.

  7. How a nerve impulse travels • Neurons do NOT touch; there is a gap between them called a synapse • Messages are sent across the synapses by special chemicals called neurotransmitters

  8. Communication Between Neurons • The use of neurotransmitters causes an electrical current There is enough electrical current in the brain to power a flashlight

  9. Two Major Divisions of the Nervous System

  10. The Central Nervous System • The central nervous system is the control center of the brain and spinal cord. • Brain-located in the skull controls most functions in the body • Spinal Cord: is the thick column of nervous tissue. Links brain to most of the peripheral nervous system.

  11. Central Nervous System Brain : a mass of 100 billion neurons located inside the skull -Learning occurs as more and stronger connections are made between neurons

  12. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebrum : largest part of human brain - Responsible for: - Thought - Language - Senses - Memory - Voluntary movement

  13. Retrieval of a Memory A memory is not a snapshot stored in the brain – it must be put together from information stored in various parts of the brain

  14. Anatomy of the Brain Cerebellum : at base of brain -Responsible for: - Muscle coordination - Balance - Posture

  15. Anatomy of the Brain Brain Stem : connects brain to spinal cord -Responsible for: - Breathing - Swallowing - Heartbeat - Blood pressure

  16. Central Nervous System Spinal Cord : Column of nerves from brain to tailbone – protected by vertebrae of spine • Responsible for: - Conducting impulses between the brain and the rest of the body *Impulses may travel as fast at 268 miles/hr

  17. Peripheral Nervous System Consists of a network of nerves that branch out to the rest of the body. Responsible for involuntary and voluntary actions.

  18. -2 groups of nerves: - Somatic nerves: Control voluntary actions like using a fork or tying shoes. - Autonomic Nerves:– control involuntary actions like heartbeat, breathing and contractions of smooth muscle to keep blood moving.

  19. Reflexes • Reflexes- a response that happens automatically without conscious control. Reflexes help to protect the body.

  20. Nervous System Injuries Concussion A bruiselike injury to the brain. Occurs when the soft tissue of the brain collides against the skull.

  21. Spinal Cord Injury/Paralysis Result when the spinal cord is cut or crushed. Can cause paralysis, which is a loss of sensation and movement of part of the body due to an injury of the spinal cord or brain.

  22. Parkinson’s Disease The brain does not produce enough of the neurotransmitter that transmits messages from the brain to the muscles Symptoms: tremors, rigid muscles, shuffling walk, and loss of facial expression Red areas show where chemical is stored

  23. Alzheimer’s Disease A gradual shrinking of the neurons in the cerebrum Symptoms: memory loss, emotional disturbances, inability to function on own, death

  24. Epilepsy Abnormal transmission of messages between the neurons in the brain Symptoms: seizures

  25. Brain Teaser A H I M N O T U V W Which of the letters above does not belong with the rest? N It is not a mirror-image of itself

  26. Brain Teaser There is a town where 5% of all the people living there have unlisted phone numbers. If you selected 100 names at random from the town’s phone directory, on average, how many of these people would have unlisted phone numbers? 0 They would not be in the phone book if their number was unlisted

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