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1 ST to 3 RD PRESIDENTS Part I

Learn about the challenges and successes of the first three presidents of the United States in dealing with foreign relations. From supporting the French Revolution to navigating conflicts with Britain and Spain, discover how these presidents shaped America's early foreign policy.

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1 ST to 3 RD PRESIDENTS Part I

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  1. 1ST to 3RDPRESIDENTSPart I

  2. Dealing with Foreign Relations • In 1789 The French Revolution began. • Americans supported the French at the start. • The rebellion was identical in cause to ours. • Then the French rebels started to execute thousands of political opponents. • Then France declared war on all European Monarchies

  3. Conflict with the Native Americans • With support of the British, NA were resisting white settlement into the western lands. • Not until 1794 and the victory by Gen. Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers did the conflict end. • GW used this to help the sale of the land in the NW territory

  4. Trouble in George Washington’s Presidency THE FORMING OF PARTIES Alexander Hamilton FEDERALIST VS. James Madison & Thomas Jefferson DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS

  5. Political Parties • The Founding Fathers never wanted the government to divide along party lines. DEFINITION: Political Party= A group of people that tries to promote its ideas and influence government

  6. FEDERALISTS Strong nat. gov. Fear of mob rule Loose interpretation of Const. = IMPLIED Economy based on shipping and manufacturing Lawyers, merchants, manufacturers Favored nat. bank Supported the BRITISH DEMO-REPUBLICANS Limited nat. gov. Fear of rule by one person or powerful few Strict interpretation of Const. = ENUMERATED Economy based on farming Farmers / trades people Opposed nat. bank Supported the FRENCH 1st Political Parties

  7. Washington Stays Neutral • Both the French & British were trying to get the US involved. • 90% of our economy was supported by the trade with Britain. • Washington knew that we could not afford to be entangled in the mess. • This neutrality was a standard that the US kept all the way into the 1900’s (WWI) • Britain began impressments on our sailors that were trading in the West indies. • The Jay Treaty of 1794 kept this from further happening and also kept a peace between us and the British

  8. Dealing with Spain • The Mississippi was essential to the movement of crops to market. • The Pinckney Treaty of 1795 enabled a peace that allowed for free shipping and a boundary for Spanish Florida. Washington’s presidency was a success. • By 1800, nearly 400,000 Americans lived beyond the Appalachian Mountains. • Selling this land to settlers gained revenue for the government and helped to pay off the national debt.

  9. 1ST to 3RDPRESIDENTSPart II

  10. Washington leaves office- • Washington warned the U.S. that there were challenges ahead and foreshadowed the issues that would cause the nation turmoil. • 1. Avoid entangling ALLIANCES with Europe. • 2. Stay out of DEBT. • 3. Don’t split the government into political PARTIES. • Served 2 terms (8 years)

  11. Adams Takes Office • 1796 – 1st political election w/political parties • Federalist = John Adams VS. • Dem. Rep. = Thomas Jefferson • Pinckney and Burr were also candidates in the election, but Adams beat Jefferson by just 3 votes.

  12. Problems With France • Britain and France still at war • France seizing U.S. ships – no trade w/ Britain • Adams sent representatives to France to negotiate a peaceagreement

  13. Problems With France • XYZ Affair • France wanted $10 million in loans • $250,000 to French minister Talleyrand, just to talk with the U.S. representatives • U.S. Congress repealed all treaties with France • U.S. ships started to seize French ships and fight an undeclared naval war.

  14. Alien and Sedition Acts • Increased the waiting period for becoming a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years. • Gave the President power to arrest disloyal aliens • Outlawed sedition (slander against the U.S. gov.)

  15. States’ Rights • Jefferson and Madison looked for a loophole • States’ Rights: states had the right to judge when the federal government had passed an unconstitutional law.

  16. Election of 1800 • Tie between Thomas Jefferson and his fellow Demo-Rep. Aaron Burr with 73 • The tie went to the House of Representatives. • Hamilton used his influence to swing congress in support of Jefferson. • This enraged Burr. His hatred of Hamilton increased until it led to the famous duel in 1804 in which Hamilton lost his life.

  17. Hamilton’s Death

  18. Adam’s Final Act • Before he left office, John Adams made sure that the Federalist influence would have a lasting impression… • Appointing JOHN MARSHALL as the new Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

  19. Off The Tee • List one thing from the study guide terms that you totally understand and can explain. Then list one thing that you have very little understanding about.

  20. Off The Tee • What was the greatest challenge you faced while finishing your project?

  21. UNIT I PACKET ORDER #1…Washington's Presidency Notes #2…Government & Party Politics WKS #3…1 to 3 Pres. Notes Part I & II #4…John Adams 5-6 Guide #5…1 to 3 Pres. Notes Part III #6…Jefferson's Legacy Notes & Map #7…L&C Reading Questions & Video Guide

  22. In The Hole • What is you honest opinion of Valentine’s Day? Be honest and yet school appropriate.

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