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Augsburg Confession and Apology

Augsburg Confession and Apology. Wittenberg. Leipzig. Worms. Speyer. Nuernberg. Ingolstadt. Thomaskirche in Leipzig. Worms. Wittenberg. Torgau. Marburg. Coburg. Schwabach. Augsburg. Dr. Eck’s 404 Articles, March, 1530.

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Augsburg Confession and Apology

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  1. Augsburg Confession and Apology

  2. Wittenberg Leipzig Worms Speyer Nuernberg Ingolstadt

  3. Thomaskirche in Leipzig

  4. Worms

  5. Wittenberg Torgau Marburg Coburg Schwabach Augsburg

  6. Dr. Eck’s 404 Articles, March, 1530 • To our glorious Lord and Imperial Majesty, Charles V, Emperor of Rome: • All Catholics believe that…the Lord would work the salvation of the Christian world through your hand. But Martin Luther, the Church’s enemy within the Church, has refused to heed the high admonitions addressed to him by your Majesty and hurled himself into a veritable whirlpool of godlessness… He blasphemes God; he has no reverence for saints or sacraments and no respect for ecclesiastical or secular magistrates… He kindles the fires of sedition throughout the empire… Thus he has produced

  7. Dr. Eck’s 404 Articles, March, 1530 a vast offspring, much worse than himself, bringing forth broods of vipers. We must acknowledge as Luther’s sons the iconoclasts, the Sacramentarians, the Capernaites, the Neo-Hussites and their descendants, the Anabaptists, the Neo-Epicureans who declare the soul to be mortal, the enthusiasts, also the Neo-Cerinthians who deny the deity of Christ… • In behalf of the faith and for the Church I have hastily gathered these few [excerpts] out of their infinite errors… I offer…to discuss in public the points below noted against any assailant of the Catholic truth, so as to establish our dogmas and overthrow the false dogmas of the adversaries.

  8. I. Concerning God • Eck had charged Luther with being an Arian and a Manichaean

  9. II. Concerning Original Sin • There is an eternal being with whom we must deal. • There are absolutes in the world. • Original Sin • Origin • Extent (Romans 5; Psalm 51) • Nature = the great Lutheran definition • Result • Escape

  10. THE HUMAN CONDITION • Before the Fall: divinely created in God’s image (fully human) • Able to know and advance in knowledge • Of God: fearing, loving, trusting above all things • Of God’s creation: with wonder, gratitude, dominion • Able to choose (with a genuinely free will) • What God commands (posse non peccare) • Yet, being free and not a robot, also to choose what God forbids (posse peccare) This is our original righteousness.

  11. THE HUMAN CONDITION • What Scholastic teachers taught • On account of our first parents’ disobedience, we inherit in our bodies the penalty of their sin: subjection to mortality • This penalty does not render us totally helpless; we retain a frustrated potential to be good and do good. • The penalty of our parents’ sin is totally removed in baptism. • Carnal desire (concupiscence) may lead to sin, but being naturally human (like hunger and sleep), is not sin of itself.

  12. THE HUMAN CONDITION • What the Augsburg Confession and its Apology teach • Because of our first parents’ disobedience we inherit a condition of total sinfulness and helplessness that renders us guilty before God. • This inherited sin has so corrupted our God-given human nature that we are • Unable to fear God with a perfect heart • Unable to trust in God with a perfect heart • Enmeshed in a love that turns away from God to self as exhibited in self-glory, self-service, self-satisfaction, self-gratification • In this condition we are enemies of God, our knowledge of God blinded, our will to choose the good powerless (non posse non peccare) This is our fallen state of unrighteousness.

  13. THE HUMAN CONDITION • Our condition of sinfulness remains with us until death, but the guilt of this inherited sin is removed in baptism and we are clothed in the perfect righteousness of our Savior Jesus. • After this life (in heaven) our old sinful nature will be laid aside and we will be perfected in the knowledge of God and the will to be good and do good. non posse peccare D: 15-19

  14. IV. Concerning Justification • The chief article of the Augsburg Confession • Three hammer blows (like the 95 Theses) • Powers • Merits • Works

  15. V. Concerning Ministry in the Church • What church work is all about • Teaching the gospel • Administering the sacraments • Anabaptists and others (the Scholastics) are condemned

  16. VI. Concerning the New Obedience • Good works result from inner compulsion, not outward force • Works commanded by God in the Ten Commandments

  17. SCHOLASTIC TEACHING • GRACE IS A QUALITY (rather than God’s favor) INFUSED through the SACRAMENTS • FAITH is mere KNOWLEDGE and of itself cannot save • SIN carries a double PENALTY • Eternal: Christ removes through confession to a priest • Temporal: I remove through meritorious works of penance

  18. SCHOLASTIC TEACHING • I DO HAVE STRENGTH but it remains paralyzed until activated by infused grace. • MY WORKS HAVE MERIT with strength activated by infused grace my works satisfy the temporal punishment of sins. • MY WORKS JOINED TO FAITH PERFECT IT.

  19. SCRIPTURE’S TEACHINGas presented in the Augsburg Confession NOT by our STRENGTH NOT by our MERITS NOT by our WORKS BUT • FREELY (by grace) • JUSTIFIED (forgiven) • THROUGH FAITH • As TRUST that God’s FAVOR has smiled on me • As TRUST that Christ has fully paid sin’s debt • As TRUST that Christ’s SATISFACTION IS MINE

  20. Faith saves because it is the instrument which enfolds Christ and his perfect merits. Faith does not save because it is a meritorious good work. • The God-pleasing good that we do • Does not proceed from our strength • Has no spiritual merit of itself • Does not make faith perfect • BUT • is the spontaneous expression of grateful hearts redeemed by Christ.

  21. D: 20-21

  22. THE BENCHMARKS OF LUTHERANISM 1st Benchmark: All Scripture is Law and Gospel. (AAC IV:5 p. 83) 2nd Benchmark: Only the Word of God shall establish articles of faith. (SA II:15 p. 266) 3rd Benchmark: God does not deal with us except through Word and Sacrament. (SA VIII:10 p. 281)

  23. VII. Concerning the Church • Lutheran apostolicity • The assembly of saints in which • The gospel is taught purely • The sacraments are administered rightly • True unity is not outward unity

  24. VIII. What is the Church? • Those who truly believe, the assembly of saints • Christ’s institution makes the sacraments and the Word effective • Donatists • Donatus the Great of Carthage d. ca. 355 • Controversy until 7th century when the Saracens destroyed the church in Africa

  25. D: 22-23

  26. IX. Concerning Baptism • A long defense of Baptism was not necessary • Eck’s 404 Theses had mixed Lutherans with Swiss Protestants and Enthusiasts • Luther: We are required to obey God’s ordered power regarding baptism.

  27. X. Concerning the Lord’s Supper • A Torgau Article • Swiss Protestants rejected the Augsburg Confession because of this article • To please Calvin, Melanchthon later dropped • “distributed” and substituted “exhibited” • “They disapprove of those who teach otherwise.” D: 24

  28. XI. Concerning Confession • Private confession has not been discarded • Stresses absolution • Nothing more comforting than the oral word • Why did the Pontifical Confutation reject the second half? • 1215: 4th Lateran Council – private confession at least once a year

  29. XII. Concerning Repentance • Repentance: • Contrition • Faith • Supererogation = beyond the normal call of duty to love God and serve fellowman (fasting, pilgrimage, etc.) • Perfectionism: Methodists

  30. D: 25-26

  31. XIII. Concerning the Use of Sacraments • vs. Enthusiasts and Swiss Protestants • The Holy Spirit kindles and preserves faith • Ex opere operato = by the mere performance of the act • Absolution a sacrament? • Lombard’s (d. 1160) Sentences: 7 Sacraments; adopted in 1510 • Catholic sacrament: A sacred ceremony which has the command of God and through which grace is conferred to the heart

  32. XIV. Concerning Church Order • To assure papists they follow good order; not like the Enthusiasts • Papacy: bishop places priests • The Christian community calls the individual; the individual must not foist himself on the community.

  33. XV. Concerning Church Regulations

  34. XVI. Concerning Public Order and Secular Government • Inserted because of war with Turks S C C S C S Amish S C Lutheran State Church Catholic

  35. abortion ? divorce ? gay rights ? war ? taxes ?

  36. XVII. Concerning the Return of Christ to Judgment • Anabaptists taught a universal restitution theory • Jehovah’s Witnesses teach annihilation and millennialism • like Jewish hope for an earthly Messiah • See Mt 19:28 and 1 Cor 15:27

  37. Mt 19:28 Jesus said to them, "I tell you the truth, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. • 1 Cor 15:27 For he "has put everything under his feet." Now when it says that "everything" has been put under him, it is clear that this does not include God himself, who put everything under Christ.

  38. Premillenialism Postmillenialism

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