CS5201 Introduction to eCommerce Technology

1. CS5202 Sem A 2002 CS5201 Introduction to eCommerce Technology Course Aim provides an introduction to the various technologies underlying electronic commerce systems and applications.

2. CS5202 Sem A 2002

3. CS5202 Sem A 2002 CS5201 Schedule Weeks 1 � 2, 4 - 13 Min 70% attendance required

4. CS5202 Sem A 2002 CS5201 Assessment Coursework 100% 3 assignments ~Weeks 2, 5, 9 1 quiz ~Week 13 Acknowledge others� work where appropriate Do not copy and paste from other sources

5. CS5202 Sem A 2002 CS5201 Introduction to eCommerce Technology References W Rajput �E-Commerce Systems Architecture and Applications�, Artech House 2000. Kennth Laudon, Carol Traver �E-commerce: business, technology, society�, Addison Wesley 2002. Other papers and links Note: The books are for references only, as no single text covers all the course material.

6. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Buyers find what they want, sellers advertise their goods and services Advertising, marketing Dealers, distributors, representatives Cutting best deal - Negotiation Transaction Contract (purchase order) Transaction processing Payment (fund transfer) Order fulfillment Inventory, Delivery Process of Commerce

7. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Post-sales activities Customer services and support Inventory control Accounting Data Analysis Who buy what? Profitability Trends Discovered relationships Process of Commerce (Cont�d)

8. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Business drives for eCommerce Exposure to customer, better interaction and relationship Business partners requirements Competitive edge/pressure New business opportunities New marketing (e.g. one-to-one) methods Global presence Temporal freedom Branding opportunities Business process efficiency improvement

9. CS5202 Sem A 2002 The Electronic Supply Chain

10. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Ubiquitous reachability Any process can communicate with any other process. Network, global Internet, mobile technologies Applications and processing support Machine and software Database, search engine Transaction processing Requirements on Technologies

11. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Contents development and data interchange Authoring tools Multimedia tools Document description languages (HTML, XML) Protection and security information security, transaction security Intellectual property protection Requirements on Technologies (Cont�d)

12. CS5202 Sem A 2002 What technologies can be applied to assist/enhance the process of commerce? Buyers and sellers finding each other Advertisement and marketing Using the Web and e-mail Electronic shop fronts, catalogues Push channels Search engines Portals Main technologies: Web, Multimedia, Search engine, Database, intelligent agent Applying Technologies

13. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Negotiation Intelligent agents Transaction Electronic shop fronts - order capture Transaction processing system Other types of transactions - auctioning, voting, etc. payment Credit cards/SSL Electronic payment protocols (e.g. SET) Digital cash Electronic cheques Electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP) Applying Technologies (Cont�d)

14. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Order fulfillment Manufacturing systems Delivery (Inventory and order tracking system) Supply chain management Post sales activities Customer service (through Web and e-mail), CRM Automatic inventory management Accounting Transaction processing Interoperability (on-line system, legacy systems) Applying Technologies (Cont�d)

15. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Data Analysis Data Mining Discovering trends and useful information for planning Challenges: Access and transactions can be done any where (mobility), any time. Linking everything together into a coherent system. Requires protocol standards, data interchange technologies. Applying Technologies (Cont�d)

16. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Processor speed 1970: 1 MIPS 2002: 2,500 MIPS (2,500 folds) Main memory 1970: 128 KBytes 2002: 256 Mbytes (2,000 folds) Costs 1970: $10,000,000 2002: $10,000 (10,000 folds) Progress of Underlying Technologies

17. CS5202 Sem A 2002 disk storage 1970: 10 MByte 2002: 60,000 MByte (6,000 folds) Communication speeds 1970 Modem 300 bps 2000 Modem: 56 kbps T1 line: 1.544 Mbps FDDI, 100BaseT: 100 Mbps Internet 2: 1,000 Mbps Today�s Mobile 9.6 kbps 3G Mobile (2003) 300 Kbps/2 Mbps 4G Mobile (2011) 50 Mbps Progress of Underlying Technologies (Cont�d)

18. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Infrastructure Networking technologies Security technologies Mobile technologies Tools Client and server components Content development and Interchange (HTML, XML) Internet programming Multimedia Database Key eCommerce Technologies

19. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Tools (Cont�d) Search engine Data mining Applications Payment protocols Auctioning Voting File sharing Intelligent agents Mass personalization etc. Key eCommerce Technologies

20. CS5202 Sem A 2002 3 categories B2B Chaining business partners electronically � increased efficiency Create new functionalities and/or services B2C Provision of services and sales transactions to consumers through on-line applications Intranet Leverage internet technology to streamline intra-organization processes eCommerce Systems

21. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Computer Networks Local area networks Limited geographic scope Low per port cost Operated by individual or organization Wide area networks Wide geographic scope Public network shared by users and operated by carrier company eCommerce Technology: Networks & the Internet

22. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Local Area Network Design Goals Low per port cost High link speed Ease of maintenance Proven Technologies Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) Predominant for �departmental� LAN Token passing ring (IEEE 802.5) Required for some real-time systems Used in some organization backbone network (FDDI) Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)

23. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Ethernet shared bus topology Initially invented at Xerox PARC for sharing printers and disks. Access protocol : CSMA/CD Limitation: Traffic congestion at high traffic level Non-deterministic access delay Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)

24. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Physical topology: Star hub Maintenance ease High speed: 100 Mpbs, 1000 Mbps Limited distance: 100 m (Solution: join smaller LANs) Switched ethernet (logically star as well) Hub becomes a switch (switching hub), no bus contention. higher total throughput Networks & the Internet (Cont�d) Ethernet technology evolution

25. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Token passing ring Controlled transmission. Can configure for access delay bound - suitable for real-time applications. Often used in organization backbone (FDDI) networks. Performance characteristics No congestion, deterministic access delay Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)

26. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Design paradigm Build small departmental LANs Connect them together with network connection devices (router or bridges) Networks & the Internet (Cont�d) Organization network

27. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Switched network Departmental LANs ATM switching IP switching Current trend Can have multiple levels Networks & the Internet (Cont�d) Organization network

28. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Ideal: One network with global coverage accessible from anywhere. Reality: Many heterogeneous networks Solution: Interconnect these networks together (with routers) Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Global Internet

29. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Station connects to (organization�s) network. Networks connected together by routers. N rest of Internet Internet Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Global Internet

30. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Protocol stacks Machines on local network N communicate using network N (native) protocol. Machines on Internet communicate using IP. Machine router remote router remote machine Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Global Internet

31. CS5202 Sem A 2002 station identified by a unique address. IP version 4 address: 32 bits Network id assigned centrally (by NIC). Host id assigned by network administration. IP address space not utilized efficiently - running out of addresses. IP version 6 uses 128-bit addresses 2128 > 1038, world population ? 6 x 1010 > 232 ? 7 x 109 adequate for every human and device in the world. Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Global Internet - IP address

32. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Provides reliable connection oriented communication service. User process (on a host machine or router) addressed by a (16-bit) TCP port number. Process (service) address: 144.214.56.20 80 IP address port number Multiple application processes can reside on one machine (one IP address) using different port numbers. Used by application oriented protocols: FTP, Telnet, HTTP, SMTP, POP, etc. Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)TCP

33. CS5202 Sem A 2002 IP addresses contain routing information (network id) - physical location. are difficult to memorize by human Domain names reflects administrative organization. Easier to memorize. Name space arranged as a (DNS) tree structure. Naming authority is distributed. Translation from domain names to IP addresses handled by a distributed Domain Name Service (DNS). Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Domain Names

34. CS5202 Sem A 2002 com edu gov net org �� uk hk cn ibm cmu berkeley com edu cityu cuhk cschlee Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Domain Name System

35. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Complexity handled by hierarchical structure Internet backbone Regional carrier ISP organization network Internet Structure

36. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Level 1 (interconnect level, NAPs) billions of pages per day Level 2 (national backbone) Federal Internet eXchange Points Peering agreements: connect, share routing info) Level 3 (regional providers, state level) Level 4 (local ISP) Level 5 (companies, individuals) Overall Internet Structure

37. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Internet host count (Cont�d)

38. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Region millions World 420 N. America 172.2 41% Europe, M.East, Africa 113.4 27% Asia Pacific (incl. Australia) 84 20% Central, South Americas 16.8 4% Internet Population � Q1, 2001

39. CS5202 Sem A 2002 % population having internet access from home from office Australia 50% 30% Denmark 58% 38% Finland 49% 37% France 22% 17% Germany 35% 22% Hong Kong 58% 23% Italy 34% 14% Netherlands 56% 28% Singapore 56% 21% South Korea 57% 17% Sweden 61% 41% Switzerland 43% 31% Taiwan 50% 19% UK 46% 26% Internet Population � Q1, 2001

40. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Direct connection to LAN which is connected to the Internet. Dial-up (or leased line) to a remote access server of an organization network or an ISP (see details) Extension to mobile dial-up: ordinary mobile (cellular) service. Direct connection requires packet switching service. Interim (2001) 2.5G (GPRS) 3G (2003) Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Accessing the Internet

41. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Current problems Address space being exhausted. Bandwidth limited. Wide variations in delays. Not suitable for iso-synchronous data. E.g., digitized audio or video. Last (broadband) mile to the home Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Internet Development

42. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Next Generation Internet IP version 6 Internet2 (high speed, Gbps) US trail HK trial being planned Internet poised to carry more real-time multimedia data, including telephony voice. Improving security 2.5G (2001) and 3G(2003) mobile access Networks & the Internet (Cont�d)Internet Development

43. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Content authoring HTML, DHTML, XTML Document Presentation description/rendering Content description XML Content language description: XML Document structure description: DTD, XML Schema Format description: XSL Facilitate data interchange Abstract data types ASN.1 Encoding rules ISO BER Tools � Contents Development

44. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Multimedia Representation, transmission requirements Text, graphics, speech, music, video, movies, virtual reality. Formats: GIF, TIFF, JPEG, MPEG, � Tools to create multimedia contents Capture, editing, display Manipulation with web programming tools (IT 5303 Multimedia Technologies & Applications) Tools � Contents Development (Cont�d)

45. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Internet Programming Client-side programming JavaScript, Java Applets, ActiveX Controls, etc Server-side programming CGI, Perl Script, Java Servlets, Component technologies DataBase Connection Query languages (CS5281 Internet Application Development) Tools (Cont�d)

46. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Data Mining Web navigation information Server logs, cookies Extracting �hidden� relationships from large datasets Discover of patterns Useful for predicting the future Market baskets analysis Data Mining tools Visualization, Link analysis, deviation detection, etc. (CS5483 Data Warehousing and Data Mining) Tools (Cont�d)

47. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Search Engines Query interface Simplicity vs Descriptive power Retrieval methods Indexing, Document ranking Document clustering Multilingual issues Multimedia retreival Discovering web pages Registration, Crawlers and spiders (CS5286 Algorithms and Techniques for Web Searching) Tools (Cont�d)

48. CS5202 Sem A 2002 Readings W.E. Rajput, E-Commerce Architecture & Applications, Artech House 2000. Chapter 1 Networks & the Internet