Developments in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450

1. Developments in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450 Feudalism baby

2. Explain how the beliefs and practices of the predominant religions in Europe affected European society. Learning Objectives

3. Explain the causes and consequences of political decentralization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450. Learning Objectives

4. Explain the effects of agriculture on social organization in Europe from c. 1200 to c. 1450. Learning Objectives

6. Christianity • Feudalism • Manorialism • Decentralized Monarchs • Labor Systems • Free and Coerced (serfdom) Need to Know

7. Castles • Knights • Peasants • Kings and Queens • Feudalism • Superstitious, Burning of Witches, Silliness abounds The Dark Ages?

8. Catholic Church • Blended with European traditions • What’s that called? • The Crusades Christendom

9. Before this dark ages The Glory of Rome

10. Roman Empire (476 CE) Decentralized German States The Start of the Dark Ages

11. Decentralized Society • No large state to protect • Frequent invasions • Peasants turn to local lords for safety • Subsistence Agriculture Decentralization

12. Western European Social Order

13. European Feudalism • Kings and nobles gave land (fief ) to vassals (nobles) in exchange for military service • Control of land was hereditary • Vassals gave land to knights in exchange for military service • Knights were bound by a code of chivalry

14. European Feudalism

15. Knights and Castles The Knight The Castle Castle Rising in England was built in 1138

16. Serfs and Manorialism Serfs were required to work their lords land three days a week. The rest of the time they could work the small plots of land provided to them by their lord. • Agricultural manors were essential for maintaining the feudal system • Manors included a mill, church, workshops, and a village • Serfdom • Bound to the land • Cultivated land for lords in exchange for protection and a small plot of land • Also were responsible for weaving, building, etc.

17. Manorialism

18. The Christian Church • Created moral standards • Owned extensive land throughout Western Europe • Struggled with secular rulers to be the dominant authority in Europe • Supported monasticism • Monks preserved literacy and learning • Nuns provided an additional opportunity for women

19. The Pope A symbol of papal authority, Pope Gregory VII declared the church infallible and capable of removing emperors • Papal authority grew during early medieval period • Canon law • Excommunication • Investiture • Frequent power struggles between monarchs and the papacy • Henry IV and Gregory VII

20. THE CRUSADES

21. The Impact of the Crusades • Western European states expanding by 11th century • Population increases • Missionary zeal of Christians • Crusades • Request from Byzantine emperor Alexius I • Urban II calls upon knights • Remission of sins, place in Heaven, god wills it • Series of attacks that lasted for two centuries • First crusade won Jerusalem from Turkish armies • Saladin took it back in 12th century • Venice turned Fourth Crusade into attack on commercial rivals in Constantinople • Ultimately the Crusaders failed to accomplish their goals

22. The Impact of the Crusades (cont.) • Crusades laid the foundation for the emergence of European countries in the next era • Put them into direct contact with oldest areas of world civilizations • As Crusaders returned they brought back silks, porcelains, carpets, perfumes, spices, and preservatives • Europeans would not be content to remain in isolated, drafty castles; a whole new world awaited them

23. The Crusades

24. Muslims in Europe MUSLIM IBERIA

25. Remember, Muslims and Jews are in Spain • Holdover from the Cordoba Caliphate • They help transmit knowledge to Europe from the Muslim World • Some of it is old Euro knowledge from Greece and Rome • Most Jews and Muslims are killed or exiled after the Reconquista(ends in 1492) Muslim Iberia