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Engineering examples of unsustainable development

Learn about non-renewable energy sources like oil, coal, and natural gas used for electricity generation through combined power plants, diesel generators, gas turbines, steam turbines, and electric AC generators.

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Engineering examples of unsustainable development

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  1. Engineering examples of unsustainable development

  2. How is electricity generated from non-renewable energy sources (oil, coal or natural gas)? Combined Power Plant (GT & ST) Diesel Generator Gas Turbine (GT) Steam Turbine (ST)

  3. Electric AC Generator http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/propulsion/q0209.shtml

  4. Electric AC Generator http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/genhow.html#c1

  5. Electric AC Generator http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/magnetic/motorac.html#c2

  6. Electrical output N Rotating wire loop Magnet S Human powered electric generator We need a rotating shaft? How to rotate the wire loop? http://electron9.phys.utk.edu/phys136d/modules/m8/images/gen.gif

  7. Wind turbine gives a rotating shaft http://www.electricityforum.com/images/motor-eout.gif

  8. Water turbine could also give a rotating shaft

  9. Diesel generator It is a diesel engine coupled to a electric generator. Diesel engine provides the rotating shaft. http://www.rkm.com.au/animations/animation-diesel-engine.html

  10. Diesel generator http://www.rkm.com.au/animations/animation-diesel-engine.html

  11. Diesel generator (four stoke) Starting position Intake stroke Compression stroke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

  12. Diesel generator (four stroke) Fuel ignition Power stroke Exhaust stroke http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-stroke_engine

  13. Diesel generator (four stroke) http://www.myrctoys.com/engines/ottomotor_e.swf

  14. Diesel generator (four stroke) http://xorl.wordpress.com/2011/03/05/the-basics-of-4-stroke-internal-combustion-engines/

  15. Diesel generator (four stroke) http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/engparts.html

  16. Gas Turbine Power Plant fuel hot gases Combustion Chamber compressed air Comp- ressor Gas Turbine Gen fresh air gases to the stack

  17. Gas turbine to produce electricity http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turboshaft

  18. Gas turbine driving a jet engine

  19. Gas Turbine Power Plant

  20. Gas Turbine Power Plant (QCC) in (WGT) out (WC) in fuel hot gases Combustion Chamber compressed air Comp- ressor Gas Turbine Gen fresh air gases to the stack

  21. Gas Turbine Power Plant (QCC) in (WGT) out (WC) in fuel hot gases Combustion Chamber compressed air Comp- ressor Gas Turbine Gen fresh air gases to the stack Useful work output = ? Total heat input = ? Total energy loss = ?

  22. Gas Turbine Power Plant (WGT) (WGT) (WC) (WC) in in out out (QCC) (QCC) in in Useful work output = - goes to electricity generation Total heat input = comes with the fuel Thermal efficiency of the GT power plant - ηthermal =

  23. Gas Turbine Power Plant (WGT) (WGT) (WC) (WC) in in out out 72 – 78% of heat released by the fuel 22 – 28% Energy wasted: (QCC) (QCC) in in - ηthermal = = [ ] - = - = for 50 to 100 MW plant

  24. Heat engine converts heat into work Hot reservoir at TH K Wout ηthermal = Qin Qin TC - Wout ηCarnot 1 = TH Qout ηCarnot ηthermal < Cold reservoir at TC K

  25. Gas Turbine Power Plant (QCC) in Carnot efficiency of the GT power plant Lowest temperature (exhaust gas temperature) TC ηCarnot 1 - = TH Highest temperature (combustion chamber temperature) Maximum possible work output ηCarnot = Total heat input ηCarnot = Maximum possible work output

  26. Gas Turbine Power Plant (QCC) (QCC) in in Second-law efficiency of GT power plant Useful work output = Maximum possible work output ηthermal = ηCarnot ηthermal = < 1 ηCarnot

  27. Steam turbine (pump is missing) http://www.bizaims.com/files/generator.JPG

  28. Steam Turbine Power Plant Steam Turbine Gen

  29. Steam Turbine Power Plant hot gases superheated steam compressed water Steam Generator Steam Turbine C Pump Gen Condenser saturated water saturated steam cooling water

  30. Steam turbine to produce electricity Oil could be used instead of coal. R. Shanthini 15 Aug 2010 Steam engines are also used to power the train.

  31. (QSG) in (WST) out WP in Steam Turbine Power Plant hot gases superheated steam compressed water Steam Generator Steam Turbine C Pump Gen Condenser saturated water saturated steam cooling water

  32. (WST) (WST) out out 60 – 70% of heat released by the fuel Energy wasted: 30 – 40% (QSG) (QSG) in in Steam Turbine Power Plant - (WP) ηthermal in = = [ ] - - (WP) = in = for 200 to 800 MW plant

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