Africa Global Health

1. 2015 the year of Global Health Africa Global Health World Health Organization Collaborating Centre, University of Pittsburgh Emeritus

2. Health and Global Health, WHO “ “Health is not only the absence of infirmity and disease but also a state of physical, mental and social well-being.” ” With various public health challenges, global health is especially important concept to investigate within African continent

3. GloCal Health (Global to Local) Your Patient and Where you live

4. Global health is an important new concept. The Institute of Medicine refers to global health as "health problems, issues and concerns that transcend national boundaries, may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions."

5. www.pitt.edu/~super1 The Supercourse: THE SUPERCOURSE is a global library of lectures on prevention and public health, shared for free by the best faculty in the world. Thousands of faculty members in the Supercourse database are from Africa

6. The ancient Library of Alexandria in 300 BC captured much of the world’ ’s science by collecting over 700,000 papyrus scrolls giving birth to the first university.

9. What is WHO? WHO is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations system. It is responsible for providing leadership on global health matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms and standards, articulating evidence- based policy options, providing technical support to countries and monitoring and assessing health trends.

10. Who are the developers of this lecture? Global Health Network Supercourse Project Library of Alexandria, Egypt WHO Collaborating Centre, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health Faculty members from Africa

11. Global Health Global Health Network Supercourse Project, University of Pittsburgh Building a Global Prevention Network to Share Knowledge and Wisdom

12. Mission of this lecture 1. Teach every medical, public health and nursing student in the world about global health 2. Develop a global health network for students to tackle local to global health problems.

13. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well being of himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care.” Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948

14. International Health “ “International health refers to the interlocking and interrelated health status of people throughout the world and to efforts to improve the health of all people of every country.” ” Last, Foege

15. Public health, medicine, and nursing: parts of the same puzzle

16. Why should students learn about global health  As of today, colleges and universities have very few lectures on global health in their curricula, however the number of global health certificate programs has been increasing in the past few years  Health is becoming a global problem, with chronic diseases being a number one killer around the globe  By learning more about global health research, students will be better equipped to face the challenges of their unique profession  Global Health is important for all students, those in health, engineering, chemistry, etc.

17. What should students know about global health  Know the differences between global and international health research  Identify key challenges to global health  Recognize the importance of information sharing in the area of global health  Recognize the importance of preventive activities in improving global health  Recognize the need for global networking to improve global health locally and globally

18. Local health Global health International health

20. Smallpox vaccination: the case of global health effort in disease eradication

21. Most important problems of global health today Communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions Noncommunicable diseases Injuries

22. There are many challenges to global health with different professionals emphasizing different diseases. Interdisciplinary approaches are needed to ease the burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases

24. 10 leading causes of death around the world (WHO) Cause of death Coronary heart disease Stroke and other cerebrovascular diseases Death in Millions Percent of Death 7.20 12.2 5.71 9.7 Lower respiratory infections 4.18 7.1 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3.02 5.1 Diarrheal diseases 2.16 3.7 HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis 2.04 1.46 3.5 2.5 Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers 1.32 2.3 Road traffic accidents Prematurity and low birth weight 1.27 2.2 1.18 2.0

25. Leading Causes of Death in 2001 Source: WHO World Health Report 2002. Countries grouped by WHO Mortality Stratum, with Developing countries Developed countries 1. HIV/AIDS 2 678 000 1. Ischaemic heart disease 3 512 000 2. Lower respiratory infections 2 643 000 2. Cerebrovascular disease 3 346 000 3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 3. Ischaemic heart disease 2 484 000 1 829 000 4. Diarrhoeal diseases 1 793 000 4. Lower respiratory infections 1 180 000 5. Cerebrovascular disease 1 381 000 5. Trachea/bronchus/lung cancers 938 000 6. Childhood diseases 1 217 000 6. Road traffic accidents 669 000 7. Malaria 1 103 000 7. Stomach cancer 657 000 8. Tuberculosis 1 021 000 8. Hypertensive heart disease 635 000 9. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 748 000 9. Tuberculosis 571 000

26. Problem: Information sharing: Important challenge to global health in the 21st century. Potential Solution: WWW and Mobile Global Health

27. The importance of knowledge, learning, innovation, and IT “The most fundamental resource in modern economy is knowledge and, accordingly, the most important process is learning” Lundvall, Bengt-Åke (1992) National Systems of Innovation. Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. Pinter, London and New York, pp. 342

28. Education in Medicine and Public Health Biomedical Research

29. Importance of global health for Africa  Bolster research capacity through international and national collaboration  Fostering multi-disciplinary research teams and partnerships to tackle key health problems  Generation of knowledge that leads to action, in particular research outcomes that will guide policy and program development  Mobilization of resources to support interventions for improved health outcomes

30. Forming a network

31. Conclusion Global health is important, as similar conditions plague people in developed and developing countries alike Life expectancy in the 20thcentury was improved due to successes in global health efforts All students need to know more about global health research and form networks to share important global health knowledge

33. Organizations working in the area of global health World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, the World Bank, UNICEF, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, the UN Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, CARE International, the Global Health Council, and many others

34. Faina Mita Musa Soni Ali Ali Ardalan Iran Sunita Dodani US/Pakistan Musa Kana Nigeria Ronald LaPorte US Faina Linkov US/Ukraine Mita Lovalekar US/India Eric Marler US Nicholas Padilla Mexico Francois Sauer US Kawkab Shishani Jordan Eugene Shubnikov Russia Francois Eugene

35. Additional Readings Open Source http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec6921/index.htm Supercourse and Disaster Management Training http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec21601/index.htm Social Epidemiologic Methods in International Population Health and Health Services Research http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec17561/index.htm Principles of Research Synthesis http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec9611/index.htm

36. How can I join the global prevention network? Join the Supercourse email distribution list by emailing super1@pitt.edu Present at least 1 slide on prevention to your students

37. How do you join this global effort? •Visit www.pitt.edu/super1/ •Send this lecture to as many people you know •Teach at least 1 slide about global health. •Contact us at super1@pitt.edu for other opportunities.