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I. Let’s Talk About

CARBON!!. I. Let’s Talk About . Carbon atoms have: 6 protons 6 neutrons 6 electrons (when neutral). Carbon atoms have 4 valence electrons, and they are all single. Carbon atoms will always make 4 bonds. There are lots of ways to do this: 4 single bonds OR

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I. Let’s Talk About

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  1. CARBON!! I. Let’s Talk About • Carbon atoms have: • 6 protons • 6 neutrons • 6 electrons (when neutral)

  2. Carbon atoms have 4 valenceelectrons, and they are all single • Carbon atoms will always make 4 bonds. There are lots of ways to do this: • 4 single bonds OR • 2 singles and 1 double OR • 2 doubles OR • 1 single and 1 triple

  3. II. So how does Carbon work? A. There are many different forms: • Graphite

  4. A. There are many different forms: • Diamond

  5. A. There are many different forms: • Amorphous

  6. A. There are many different forms: • Buckminsterfullerene

  7. B. Carbon in Compounds • A hydrocarbon is a compound containing the elements carbon and hydrogen • Carbon forms the skeleton of each molecule • The hydrogens collect on the outside

  8. C2H6 CH4 C4H10 C3H8

  9. C. Naming Hydrocarbons • If all the carbons are single bonded, the skeleton is holding as many hydrogens as it can, so it is saturated  we call this type of hydrocarbon an alkane • The prefix is based on the number of carbon atoms • If it is saturated, the ending is “-ane”

  10. “Pre”fixes “pre” fixes

  11. Name the following: 1. CH4 2. C2H6 3. C3H8 4. C4H10 5. C6H14 6. C8H18 Methane Ethane Propane Butane Hexane Octane

  12. What happens if we add a double or triple bond? We call them unsaturated • Alkenes - hydrocarbons containing a double bond • Alkynes - hydrocarbons containing a triple bond Ethyne Ethane Ethene Propene

  13. E. Properties of hydrocarbons • Because they are nonpolar they don’t dissolve in water. • The forces that hold them together are weak so most are gases or volatile liquids at room temperature. • Many are flammable - coooool!

  14. F. Is there only one way to make C4H10? NO! • These are the two isomers of C4H10

  15. G. Carbon chains • How many bonds does carbon like to make? • 4 • Carbon is good at making long chains also. This results in many properties: • Elastic - able to stretch and return to original shape • No definite melting point • Able to take any shape

  16. G. Carbon Chains • Examples of polymers: • Plastic and rubber • Biological molecules like proteins , fats and starches

  17. Which is which?

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