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Muscle Anatomy and Physiology

Delve into the intricate world of muscle anatomy and physiology covering topics such as muscle characteristics, the sliding filament theory of contraction, excitability, neuromuscular junction functions, and energetics of contraction. Explore essential concepts and mechanisms vital for understanding muscle function and movement. Prepare for your final exam with multiple choice questions, matching exercises, and short answer components.

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Muscle Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Muscle Anatomy and Physiology The Review!

  2. Skeletal Muscle Functions • Locomotion • Movement • Maintaining Posture • Generating Heat!

  3. Characteristics • Excitability: Membrane potentials, action potentials, Na+ and K+ • Contractility: Sarcomeres, Sliding Filament Theory, Ca++ and ATP • Extensibility • Elasticity

  4. Anatomy: Max Min • Muscle, fascicle, fiber, fibrils containing sarcomeres, filaments – actin and myosin • Fascia /epimysium, perimysium,endomysium • “Bundles within bundles”

  5. Contractile units:SARCOMERES • Thin: actin, troponin, tropomysim • Thick: myosin • Sarcomere Regions: Z-lines, A-band, I-band, H-Zone

  6. Sliding Filament Theory of Contraction • All-or-None • Sarcomere units shorten by thin and thick filaments “sliding” past each other • Requires Ca++ • Requires ATP

  7. Excitability! The stimulus to contract • Resting Membrane Potential: Membranes separate charges: polarized with positive Na+ outside • Depolarization: Charge reversal across membrane

  8. Depolarization reaches Threshold voltage and All-or-None Depolarization travels along membrane Action Potential AP travels along sarcolemmaT-tubulessarcoplasmic reticulumTerminal CisternaeCalcium released Troponin-Calcium move Tropomysin exposing myosin binding sites Why all the Excitement?

  9. Remember the Simulation? • Motor Nerve – Muscle Fiber • Pre-Synaptic Terminal: Acetylcholine released • Post-Synaptic Terminal: Ach binds to Ach receptors =>Muscle fiber depolarization • Contraction!

  10. The Neuromuscular Junction An Interesting Place to Chemically Manipulate Neuro- Muscular Function…Causing Paralysis or Worse…

  11. Motor Units = Motor Control • Motor Neuron + Muscle fiber(s): fine vs. strong • Twitch: Single contraction & relaxation • Recruitment: Smooth moves • Tetanus: Sustained contraction

  12. Energetics of Contraction • ATP-PC: fast, limited • Anaerobic Glycolysis: cytosolic breakdown of Glucose without O2 • Aerobic Oxidation: slow, but plentiful supply of ATP

  13. Final Exam: • 20 Multiple Choice • 2 Matching: Bundles of bundles, and movement terms • 5 Short Answers: • ATP systems • Roll of Calcium in Contraction • Sarcomere: Anatomy and Function • Poisons/Drugs affecting NMJ – Neurotransmitters • Your Burning Question/Answer

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