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RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST

RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST. A. Seimenis, D.V.M. Director, WHO/Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre ATHENS, GREECE mzcc@ath.forthnet.gr , www.mzcp-zoonoses.gr. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST (ME). Endemic in most countries of the ME;

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RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST

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  1. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST A. Seimenis, D.V.M. Director, WHO/Mediterranean Zoonoses Control Centre ATHENS, GREECE mzcc@ath.forthnet.gr, www.mzcp-zoonoses.gr

  2. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST (ME) • Endemic in most countries of the ME; • Mediterranean (southern and eastern) littoral countries with common climatic, geographical, socio-cultural, epidemiological characteristics • Serious public health problems. 1

  3. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST • DOG: main source of human infection; • CATS: second most important source followed by other domestic animals and wild life; • WILDLIFE: red fox, jackals, wolves, etc. 2

  4. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST Rabies in Humans: approximately 300 reported cases annually Post-exposure treatment: several hundreds of thousands Most cases in: EGYPT, IRAQ, IRAN, PAKISTAN, SUDAN, YEMEN 3

  5. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST • Rabies in Animals: part only of cases are reported • Laboratory confirmation upon restricted number of cases only • Growing problem for certain countries, e.g. YEMEN • Rabies in wildlife: growing public health problem • Wild animals population (red fox, jackals) on increase 4

  6. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST • Epidemiological surveillance NOT well established • Data NOT always reliable • No regular laboratory confirmation • Correlation between DOG and WILDLIFE rabies difficult 5

  7. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST • Difficulties for efficient control programmes • Control activities based on stray dog elimination and voluntary individual vaccination • Cell-culture vaccines and immunoglobulins for human post-exposure treatment • Dog mass vaccination campaigns never performed • Lack of dog population estimates • Dog vaccination rate not estimable 6

  8. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST Rabies control failure due to: • Weak infrastructures; • Inappropriate control strategies; • Lack of sustainable resources and workforce; • Weak laboratory diagnosis support; • Lack of intersectoral collaboration; • Population socio-cultural factors; • Weak community awareness. 7

  9. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST Wildlife rabies control-no activities Need for: • Ecological studies for target animals; • Vaccination strategy to be developed; • Live vaccine strain/high temperatures relation to be evaluated; • Trained personnel; • Adequate funding; • Intercountry agreements. 8

  10. RABIES in the MIDDLE EAST • Weaknesses of various kind: infrastructures, no co-operation, funds, personnel, etc.), should NOT BE ACCEPTABLE as they maintain DESPERATE HUMAN SUFFERING from preventable zoonoses, 9

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  12. Thank you. Source: www. pbase.com  

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