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English Morphology and Lexicology

English Morphology and Lexicology. Shaoguangqing@gmail.com www.windofspring.weebly.com. Chapter 3. Word Formation 1 3.1 Morphemes 3.2 Allomorphs 3.3 Types of Morphemes 3.4 Root and Stem. 3.1 Morphemes. the smallest unit of linguistic meaning.

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English Morphology and Lexicology

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  1. English Morphology and Lexicology Shaoguangqing@gmail.com www.windofspring.weebly.com

  2. Chapter 3 • Word Formation 1 • 3.1 Morphemes • 3.2 Allomorphs • 3.3 Types of Morphemes • 3.4 Root and Stem

  3. 3.1 Morphemes • the smallest unit of linguistic meaning. • A single word may be composed of one or more morphemes. • Example • de+nature+al+ize+ation • un+system+atic+al+ly • (the words denaturalization and unsystematically can be analyzed into 5 separate morphemes)

  4. 3.1 Morphemes • Morpheme vs. Syllable • boy (1 morpheme, 1 syllable) • desire, lady, water (1 morpheme, 2 syllables) • crocodile (1 morpheme, 3 syllables) • salamander (1 morpheme, 4 syllables)

  5. 3.1 Morphemes • Two morphemes • boy + ish • desire + able • Three morphemes • boy + ish + ness • desire + able + ity

  6. 3.1 Morphemes • Four morphemes • gentle + man + li + ness • un + desire + able + ity • More than four morphemes • un + gentle + man + li + ness • anti + dis + establish + ment + ari + an + ism

  7. 3.2 Allomorphs • Morphemes vs. Morphs • Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. • Morphs are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. • Monomorphemic words: bird, tree, green, sad, want…

  8. 3.2 Allomorphs • Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word; such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs. • {-s plurality}= /s/ /z/ /iz/ Replacive allomorphs Zero allomorphs

  9. 3.2 Allomorphs • {-d past}= /-id/ /-t/ /-d/ Relacive allomorphs Suppletive allomorphs Zero allomorphs

  10. 3.2 Allomorphs • {NEGATION}= insane; inactive; incomplete in- improper; imbalance; immovable im- irregular; irreconcilable; irrevocable ir- il- illegal; illegible

  11. 3.2 Allomorphs • Explain why a/an are allomorphs of one morpheme.

  12. 3.2 Allomorphs • Explain why a/an are allomorphs of one morpheme. • {Article Singular}= a book/tree/cup… a university… an apple/orange…

  13. 3.3 Types of Morphemes man; earth

  14. 3.3 Types of Morphemes approach; go to -ced- ante- -ent antecedent: something that goes before

  15. 3.3 Types of Morphemes say; speak -dict- contra- -ion -tor contradict: speak against…

  16. 3.3 Types of Morphemes say; speak -dict- pre- -ion -or predict: tell beforehand…

  17. 3.3 Types of Morphemes -er -est -s -’s -s’ -ed -ing

  18. 3.4 Root and Stem In this textbook, we will use stem only because it can replace root and also refer to any form which is larger than a root.

  19. Practice: root and stem • individualistic • individualist • individual • dividual • dividu word stem stem stem root; stem

  20. Practice: root and stem • undesirables • undesirable • desirable • desire word stem stem root; stem

  21. THANK YOU

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