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NCI Workshop

Explore innovative IMRT and Proton therapy approaches for breast cancer radiation, focusing on treatment efficacy and reduced side effects. Presented data from clinical trials support the potential benefits of these advanced techniques in optimizing outcomes. Learn about the utilization of gravity for minimizing radiation exposure to critical organs, customized prone breast boards, and integrated boost strategies to enhance treatment precision.

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NCI Workshop

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  1. NCI Workshop Advanced Technologies for Breast Cancer

  2. Radiation of Intact Breast • Excellent LOCAL CONTROL (95 % at 5 years) achieved with standard dose 50 Gy Whole Breast plus boost to primary site • NO NEED to Dose Escalate • OARs: Skin, Lung, Heart (Left sided cases) and “Cosmetic Outcome”

  3. Intact Breast Phase III Trial • Vancouver/Toronto Study comparing IMRT to Standard Wedge 2 D Planning • Presented at ASTRO 2006 • 358 patients entered/331 analyzed for acute toxicity up to 6 weeks • Results: IMRT plans showed improved dose homogeneity and clinically associated with reduced incidence moist desquamation (31% vs 48%, p=0.0019)

  4. Prone IMRT at MSKCC • Minimize radiation to the heart and lungs by utilizing gravity effect on mobile breast • Specify beam direction (Two tangent fields) before inverse planning process to avoid an increase in integral dose • Bring dose intensity pattern to field edge to account for minimal edema thru treatment

  5. Goodman Figure 1a. Customized prone breast board with adjustable aperture and wedge for contralateral breast.Figure 1b. Ipsilateral breast and anterior chest wall hang in a dependent fashion away from the thorax while the ipsilateral arm is placed above the head 1a 1b

  6. Goodman Figure 6. Left breast irradiation using prone breast IMRT technique can spare left ventricle and coronary arteries.

  7. Goodman Figure 4a. Transverse Dose Distributions IMRT Conventional Isodose in % 113 108 102 100 90 50 10

  8. Goodman Figure 4b. Sagittal Dose Distributions Conventional IMRT Isodose in % 117 108 102 100 90 50 10

  9. Goodman Figures 3a and 3b. Dose-Volume Histogram (DVH) for prone breast IMRT technique IMRT IMRT CONV CONV Fig 3a. 5mm skin was excluded from the PTV. IMRT: Intensity modulated radiation therapy CONV: Conventional tangents Fig. 3b. Buildup region was included in the PTV. IMRT: Intensity modulated radiation therapy CONV: Conventional tangents

  10. Goodman Figure 5. MaximumDose as a Function of Breast Depth for Simplified IMRT and Conventional Tangent Plans.

  11. Intensity Map of a Typical Breast IMRT Field depressed intensity through the lung volume ‘wedge-like’ intensity distribution skin flash

  12. Breast IMRT at MSKCC • Viewed (based on prostate model) as an improved method of dose delivery to primary • Therefore change in technology simply executed in the department

  13. Integrated Boost • Freedman et al (Fox Chase) have demonstrated feasibility of doing concomitant “boost” during whole breast IMRT with “Dose Painting” • This is under consideration has an RTOG Phase II trial

  14. Partial Breast RT • RTOG/NSABP Phase III Trial open since 2005 to compare Standard Whole Breast RT to Partial Breast RT using 10 fx in 5 days • Accrual well past 2000 of 3000 planned • In women randomized to “PBI”, over 70% are receiving RT by 3D XRT, 20 % by MammoSite and 5% by Brachy

  15. MGH PBI/Protons • 20 Stage I patients in Phase I/II Trial • Results: (Median F/U 12 months) No local failures • Side Effects: “Moderate to severe skin color changes in 79 %, moderate to severe moist desquamation in 22 %, skin telangiectasia in 3 patients and rib tenderness in 3 patients

  16. Post-Mastectomy RT/1 • If breast reconstruction present, similar issues to intact breast • Chest wall: Multiple techniques, including tangent fields, electron beam, and combinations. • SKIN is part of the target, so “skin-sparing” not an advantage

  17. Post Mastectomy RT/2 • Supraclavicular Nodal RT always given • Internal Mammary Nodal RT highly controversial in standard adjuvant settings (NCCN guidelines Level 3) • OAR include lung, heart, brachial plexus and esophagus, depending on technique

  18. Post Mastectomy RT/3 • NCI-funded Phase III trial now ongoing at U. of Michigan • Will compare IMRT to 3D Conformal in the post-mastectomy setting, including regional nodes • No IMRT used off study in this clinical situation • PI: Lori Pierce

  19. Hypothetic Plan IMRT/Protons • Lomax et al at PSI • Target included breast, and regional nodes including IMN chain • IMRT plan had increased target homogeneity compared to 2D, but with increased dose to critical neighboring organs • 2 field, energy modulated Proton plan appeared superior to IMRT

  20. Other Clinical Scenarios • Inoperable presentations • Bulky, non-resectable recurrent cancer • IMRT plans have sometimes looked significantly better than 3D conformal, on a CASE BY CASE basis

  21. Conclusions/Breast • One Phase III trial demonstrates superiority of IMRT over standard treatment, for acute side effects in the intact breast • Modest decrease in late cardiac and lung toxicity likely with IMRT (With 2 field tx) • Improvement in local control unlikely, since it is already at 95 % at 5 years

  22. More Conclusions • Limited single institution center studies on IMRT and Proton use for PBI • Imaging the PTV daily likely needed, given the tight margins, daily set-up error, organ deformation (edema) and target mobility with breathing

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