Unraveling Chemistry: The World of Atoms and Matter

1. Chemistry

2. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/atoms.htm Atom – the basic building blocks of matter

3. The Atom Nucleus • Protons – positive charge • Neutrons – neutral charge Electron Shell • Electrons – negative charge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3YR8e_iHlk&index=78&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

4. The Atom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O5iaw5WNuB0&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=66

5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kbe57m-tpY&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=102https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kbe57m-tpY&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=102 The Periodic Table

6. Element – substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means into another substance Atomic Number Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number

7. Bohr Models of Atoms • Atomic Number – number of protons in an atom’s nucleus • Atomic Mass Number – combined number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/00044672.html

8. Bohr Models of Atoms Electron Shells • 1st – 2 • 2nd – 8 • 3rd – 18 • 4th – 32 The highest energy level with any electrons in it is called the outer shell.

9. Using the Periodic Table Period Family http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/periodic-table.htm

10. Three Groups Metals • Conduct heat and electricity well • Becomes shiny when polished • Melt at high temperatures • Can be easily reshaped

11. Three Groups Nonmetals • Have a dull surface • Melt at lower temperatures • Tend to break when bent

12. Three Groups Metalloids • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals http://mrhardy.wikispaces.com/Periodic+Table.swf

13. Mystery Elements Game! http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/Newton/recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_int_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf

14. Try Matching Elements with their Symbols http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=SCI102

15. When one or more electrons from one atoms jumps to or is shared with another atom, a compound is formed. Sodium- shiny metal that catches fire when put in water and tarnishes quickly in air Chlorine- a poisonous green gas http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/elements-and-compounds.htm

16. Formation of Sodium Chloride https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK2fIn_U0MY Na+ Cl- Atoms with positive or negative charges are called ions.

17. Types of Bonds Ionic Bond - compound formed when an atom gives an electron to another atom Covalent Bond - when two or more atoms share their electrons with each other https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OdQqFHNOWAA&index=65&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

18. Molecules A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that still has all the qualities of that compound.

19. Chemical Formulas 2 2 Hydrogens 1 Oxygen H O

20. Phases of Matter • Solids • Liquids • Gases • Plasma http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/164155/00044682.html

21. Temperature is a measurement of how hot or cold something is. It is a measure of how fast the particles in a material are moving.

22. Solids • Definite shape • Particles move slowly • Particles packed tightly together http://www.kidsknowit.com/educational-songs/play-educational-song.php?song=Solid, Liquid, Gas

23. Liquids • Definite volume • No definite shape • Takes shape of its container • Particles flow more easily than in solids

24. Gases • No definite shape • No definite volume • Particles flow freely • Particles are spread far apart

25. Solids, Liquids, and Gases http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquids-gases.htm

27. Plasma • Extremely hot • Electrically charged • Gaseous • 99% of matter in the universe • Rare on Earth • Found mainly in lightning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDZhUkp30tE&index=107&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl

28. Melting Point- solid becomes a liquid (melting)

29. Boiling Point – liquid becomes a gas (vaporization/evaporation)

30. Freezing Point – liquid becomes a solid (freezing) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/8_9/solid_liquids.shtml

31. Sublimation - occurs when a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas

32. Physical Changes A physical change changes the property of a substance without changing the substance completely. In other words, a physical change is reversible.  http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/changes-of-matter.htm

33. Chemical Change Chemical changes cause a new substance to be formed, and they also either release energy or absorb it. Signs of a chemical change include: Smoking Change in color Change in temperature Bubbling or fizzing http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078600472/160350/00044680.html

34. Mixture – a physical combination of two or more substances that blend together without forming new substances. Homogenous Mixtures – a mixture that has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. Heterogenous Mixtures - a mixture that contains distinct substances that are physically and often visibly separate. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htm

35. Suspension – a heterogeneous mixture made of parts that separate upon standing.

36. Emulsion – a suspension of two liquids that usually do not mix together; rather, droplets are suspended

37. Colloids – a stable mixture in which small, fine particles of one material are scattered throughout another material blocking the passage of light and not settling out. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr7JU0zsLNs&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=103

38. http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/mixtures.htm Solubility SOLUBILITY is the ability of a substance to dissolve.

39. In the process of dissolving, the substance which is being dissolved is called a solute and the substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent. solute solvent

40. A mixture of solute and solvent is called a solution.

41. Factors that Affect Solubility: Stirring Crushing Temperature http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/rev_irrev_changes.shtml

42. How Can You Take a Mixture Apart? Filtration – separating a liquid from a dense, insoluble solid. Distillation – process of separating liquids by using evaporation and condensation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr7JU0zsLNs&list=PLqTEqBBPoqwVTbS_6i2lsAmWTaW9312Fl&index=103

43. Acids and Bases http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matter/acids-and-bases.htm

44. Comparison of Acids and Bases Acids: • Chemical formulas begin with H • Have a pH less than 7 • Taste sour • Turns blue litmus paper red • Examples: soda, vinegar, fruit juices, tomatoes Bases: • Chemical formulas end with OH • Have a pH greater than 7 • Taste bitter and feel slippery • Turns red litmus paper blue • Examples: Antacids, household cleaners, egg whites

46. Acids or Bases? 2 10 4 8 3 11 http://www.kidsknowit.com/interactive-educational-movies/free-online-movies.php?movie=Acids And Bases

47. Neutrals A substance that is a 7 on the pH scale is called a neutral. Water is an example of a neutral substance. http://mrhardy.wikispaces.com/pH.swf