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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. Agricultural Nutrient Management Law & Regulations Skill Sheets. Agricultural Nutrient Management Laws & Regulations. True or False. __ Farm operators who have 80 or more animal units do not need a nutrient management plan.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 Agricultural Nutrient Management Law & Regulations Skill Sheets

  2. Agricultural Nutrient Management Laws & Regulations True or False. __ Farm operators who have 80 or more animal units do not need a nutrient management plan. __Farmers who gross $2,500 or more per year need a nutrient management plan. __Anyone can write a nutrient management plan as long as they read the training materials. __Continuing nutrient management education requirements are waived for certified farm operators who have a college degree. Organic nutrient sources with a wide carbon-nitrogen ration (C/N) can actually immobilize or tie up available nitrogen in the soil. Certified farm operators can write plans for others with similar farms. F T F F T F

  3. Agricultural Nutrient Management and the Environment True or False. __Nutrient management’s purpose is to simultaneously maximize farm profits and environmental harm. __ Fecal organisms only come from farm sources. __ Excessive nutrients in the State’s waters can cause algal blooms. __ Karst topography is less likely to have adverse effects to water quality due to nutrient application. _ _Water in streams and rivers can originate from both surface and underground sources. Rain that falls on the ground causes soil erosion and nutrient runoff. F F T F T T

  4. Agricultural Nutrient Management Plans, Records and Enforcement F True or False. __ The best time to write a plan is after you have planted and fertilized a field. __ A plan can ignore all pastures and any field smaller than 10 acres. __ A plan can be good for 1-3 years, depending upon the crop. __ Once a plan is written for a cropping year, it cannot be changed. __ Soil tests can be used for up to 3 years. __A current yield goal is based on past crop performance for that field. __ Records for nutrient management purposes must include the field name and rate of lime application. __ The Annual Implementation Report is required to be filed every year by March 1. __ Only the first plan written for an operation is filed with MDA. __ An NM Specialist will fine you the first time he finds a violation during the implementation review. F F F T T F T T F

  5. Chapter 2 Data Collection Skill Sheets

  6. Data Collection Check the features required to be included in a nutrient management plan for each farm or property farmed by the operator. • map • photograph • watershed location code number • tax account ID number • directions to farm/property • number of years the operator has farmed the property

  7. Tax Account ID Numbers Which of the following statements are true concerning the characteristics, sources, and uses of tax account ID numbers in Maryland nutrient management plans? __A tax account ID number may have up to 16 digits and starts with a two-digit county code. __Tax account ID numbers can be found in a variety of places including: • on the landowner’s county tax bill; or • at the local (county) office of the Maryland Dept. of Assessment & Taxation (DAT) or on the DAT website; or • A regional MDA office __Tax account ID numbers are used by MDA officials to check for compliance with the Water Quality Improvement Act of 1998’s nutrient management regulations.

  8. Farm/Property Map Check the features that must be shown or labeled on the farm map. • Field/bed boundaries • property boundary • streams • street/road name that shows the approximate location of the farm • unique field/bed identifiers (numbers or names) • area in each field/bed • outbuilding(s) • residence(s)

  9. Field Information Check the features of each management unit that must be included in a nutrient management plan. • Farm/property identifier • unique field/bed identifier • distance to nearest road • crop • yield goal • soil mapping unit • history of legume crops or organic nutrient source applications • location of outbuildings • tillage method • area in field/bed

  10. Chapter 3 Soil Sampling and Testing Skill Sheets

  11. Management Units Which of the following criteria are necessary to define an area as a management unit? • The area in question should have a similar complex of soils or sources of growing media. • The area in question should have been managed similarly in the past (same crops planted and same fertility regimes). • The area in question should not be divided by surface water (stream, drainage ditch, etc.) • The area under consideration should have the same account ID number. • The area in question should be on the same side of the road or street.

  12. Technique Proper soil sampling technique involves which of the following? • collecting 2-3 shovels full of soil per management unit • collecting 15-20 samples per management unit • making sure to sample unusual areas such as barked paths • collecting samples at a depth of 8 inches • mixing the soil well before sending a sub-sample off to the lab of your choice • drying the sample in a metal pan for 1 week (or microwave to speed the process) before shipping it to the lab of your choice • allowing the sample to air dry prior to shipping it off to the lab of your choice

  13. MEDIA SAMPLING Proper media sampling technique involves which of the following? • collecting 2-3 trowels full of growing medium per management unit • collecting 15-20 samples per management unit if it covers a wide area • collecting samples at a depth of 8 inches or to the depth of the medium if shallower • mixing the sample well before sending a sub-sample to the lab of your choice • drying the sample in a metal pan for 1 week (or microwave to speed the process) before shipping it to the lab of your choice • allowing the sample to air dry prior to shipping it to the lab of your choice

  14. Converting to FIV Scale A soil test report from A&L Laboratory (using Melich-3 extraction) contains the following data: Phosphorus, P 60 ppm Potassium, K 98 ppm Calcium, Ca 1600 ppm Magnesium, Mg 120 ppm Convert these values to the Maryland FIV scale.

  15. * Worksheet 3-1Converting to Maryland Fertility Index Values (FIVs) Skill sheet A & L (Mehlich-3) Farm Field Laboratory Phosphorus (P)Potassium (K) Reported analysis for P Reported analysis for K XX Value in P column A Value in K column A - See SFM-4, Table 2 - See SFM-4, Table 2 + + Value in P column B Value in K column B - See SFM-4, Table 2 - See SFM-4, Table 2 = = Maryland FIV-P Maryland FIV-K Calcium (Ca)Magnesium (Mg) Reported analysis for Ca Reported analysis for Mg XX Value in Ca column A Value in Mg column A - See SFM-4, Table 2 - See SFM-4, Table 2 + + Value in Ca column B Value in Mg column B - See SFM-4, Table 2 - See SFM-4, Table 2 = = Maryland FIV-Ca Maryland FIV-Mg 60 98 1.09 0.65 2 -2 62 67 1600 120 0.13 0.76 -27 3 94 181

  16. INTERPRETING SOILLESS MEDIA TESTS A sample of growing medium was analyzed for nutrient status via the saturated media extract (SME) method with the following results expressed in milligrams per liter (mg/L). Indicate the relative nutrient status of each nutrient in the table below. Optimum Very High Optimum Acceptable Acceptable

  17. SOIL OR GROWING MEDIUM In each of the following cases, indicate if the material is a soil (S) or a growing medium (GM). ____A material from the floor of a forest (65% organic matter) was collected and used in raised beds for vegetable production. ____ Soil from an excavation at a building site was mixed with compost and perlite in a 1:4:1 (soil:compost:perlite) mixture. ___ A raised bed containing about 1 foot of soil amended with 1 inch of compost GM GM S

  18. Chapter 4 Organic Nutrient Source Sampling and Testing Skill Sheets

  19. Organic Nutrient Source Sampling and Testing F True or False. __Compost samples should be oven–dried before shipping to a lab. __A handful of compost from one spot in a storage pile is an adequate sample to send for analysis. __It is always appropriate to use average compost analyses to complete a nutrient management plan. __The process by which ammonium (NH4+) can be lost to the atmosphere when an organic nutrient source is left on the soil surface is known as mineralization. Organic nutrient sources with a wide carbon-nitrogen ration (C/N) can actually immobilize or tie up available nitrogen in the soil. Organic nutrient sources always release their nutrients gradually over the growing season. The process whereby organic forms of nutrients are transformed into inorganic forms of nutrients is called mineralization. F F F T F T

  20. Estimating Plant Available Nitrogen 1) What is the Plant Available Nitrogen (PAN), in lbs per ton, of composted horse manure whose analysis is shown below if the compost is immediately incorporated via gentle raking? MANURE ANALYSIS REPORT composted horse manure * NH4-N and NH4+ are two commonly used ways of expressing ammonium nitrogen.

  21. * Worksheet 4-1Estimating PAN in Litter 1.21 0.05 • Total nitrogen (N) (%) - Obtain value from manure analysis. • Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (%) - Obtain value from manure analysis • Organic nitrogen (%) - Subtract #2 from #1. • Manure mineralization factor - Expressed as a decimal. - Refer to the Infocard. • Available organic nitrogen (%) - Multiply #3 by #4. • Ammonium conservation factor - Depends upon incorporation practices. - Refer to Infocard. • Available ammonium nitrogen (%) - Multiply #2 by #6. • PAN in manure (lbs/T or lbs/gal) - Add #7 to #5. Multiply by 20 if manure is solid or semi-solid. Multiply by 0.0837 if manure is liquid. 1.16 0.05 0.058 0.66 0.03 1.76 ~1.8 lbs/ton

  22. Chapter 5 Recommendations Skill Sheets

  23. RECOMMENDATIONS True or False? T Nitrogen (N) recommendations for most horticultural crops are based on crop species. To calculate the net nitrogen (N) recommendation for the crop being planned, residual N (N-credits) from recent legume crops and past organic nutrient source applications must be subtracted from the gross N recommendation. Nitrogen recommendations for all crops grown in soils are based on soil test results . For most crops, the higher the soil test value for available phosphorus, potassium, calcium or magnesium, the lower the recommendation. Recommendations for phosphorus, potassium, calcium or magnesium are based on soil or media test results. Residual phosphorus (P-credits) from past organic source applications must be accounted for when determining the appropriate P2O5 application rate. T F T T F

  24. Phosphorus Restrictions True or False. If a management unit/block has a FIV-P equal to or greater than 150, phosphorus fertilizer may never again be applied to that field. In general, phosphorus restrictions result from a determination that fields or management units with excessive amounts of available phosphorus also have characteristics that allow transport of available phosphorus to nearby waterways. The aim of the Phosphorus Site Index is to identify critical areas where there is a high phosphorus loss potential from the site because there is both a large potential for transport of phosphorus off the field/management unit and a large source of P present in the soil. Management practices are not considered when calculating the phosphorus loss rating. F T T F

  25. Calculating Nitrogen Credits Joe Smith raises 1 acre of pumpkins. He applied blood meal as a nitrogen source at the rate of 500 pounds per acre last growing season. How many pounds of nitrogen credit would be appropriate in this situation for the current growing season? Blood Meal Label: 12-0-0

  26. Worksheet 5-1Manure Nitrogen Credits for Prior YearsShill Sheet Pumpkins 12.0 Farm name Field • Organic NitrogenLast Year2 Years Ago %N - %NH4-N = %Organic N (Last yr.) %N - %NH4-N = %Organic N (2 yrs. ago) - Values are from manure analysis - If no analyses were performed, use average analyses (See “Manure Summary Report.”) • Mineralization Rate - Refer to Infocard for the mineralization rate for the appropriate animal species. • Conversion Factor - Factor is 20 if units are lbs/ton. - Factor is 0.0837 if units are lbs/1000 gal. • Application Rate - This is amount of manure applied each year. - Enter rate as tons/acre or gallons/acre. • Nitrogen Credit (lbs/acre) - Multiply #1 x #2 x #3 x #4. 0.0 12.0 0.10 20 0.25 6

  27. Fertilizer and Lime Recommendations John Jones raises a variety of leafy greens on a field with silt loam soil in the Piedmont region of Carroll County. Soil tests indicate the FIV-P is 90, FIV-K is 75 and pH is 6.2. What are the phosphate, potash, and lime recommendations for this crop?

  28. Refer to Appendix A, Section 3 for P & K Recs and Appendix B for Lime Requirement • If FIV-P is 90, phosphate rec for leafy greens is 30 pounds/acre • If FIV-K is 75, potash rec for leafy greens is 40 pounds/acre • If pH is 6.2 for a silt loam soil in the Piedmont region, lime requirement is 1 ton per acre

  29. Lime From the list, check the information required for you to correctly determine lime requirement. • soil pH • target soil pH for crop • soil mapping unit • county • soil texture • soil region • available soil calcium • available soil magnesium

  30. Chapter 6 Compile and Review Skill Sheets

  31. Plan Requirements In this list of items, check those that are required components of a completed nutrient management plan. • copy of county tax bill • operator’s name & address • County (or counties) in which operation is located • date the plan is prepared • time period the plan covers • source of yield goals • limiting nutrient for each field/management unit • Best Management Practices information • certification number of certified farmer or certified consultant • field information sheet(s) • manure generation worksheets or manure quantity estimates • farm map(s) • watershed map • manure/ compost test results (if applicable) • soil or media test results • fertilizer and/or manure recommendation sheet(s) • Phosphorus Site Index (PSI) worksheets (if applicable)

  32. MDA Plan Submission Requirements In this list of items, check the required components of a completed nutrient management plan that should be submitted to MDA the first time an operator submits his/her plan. • MDA Reporting Form • copy of field information sheet(s) • copies of any lease agreements for rented land • copy of all fertilizer and/or manure recommendation sheets • copy of Phosphorus Site Index (PSI) worksheet(s) • copy of manure/compost analyses • name and address of custom applicator • copy of soil or media test results • copy of farm map(s)

  33. Chapter 7 Nutrient Management Calcualtions Rate Skill Sheets

  34. FROM RECOMMENDATION TO APPLICATION RATE Scenario: The recommendation in Joe Schumacher nutrient management plan indicates that he needs a minimum of 75 lbs. of nitrogen per acre for good cantaloupe production. Neither phosphorus nor potassium amendments are recommended. Joe wishes to purchase Neptune’s Crab Meal™ to meet the crop’s nitrogen needs if he incorporates immediately via gentle raking. What rate of crab meal (2-3-0) should be applied per acre? (Assume no ammonium is present.)

  35. first, calculate the PAN of the crab meal • second, calculate application rate to meet recommendation

  36. * Worksheet 4-1Estimating PAN in Litter 2.0 0 • Total nitrogen (N) (%) - Obtain value from manure analysis. • Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) (%) - Obtain value from manure analysis • Organic nitrogen (%) - Subtract #2 from #1. • Manure mineralization factor - Expressed as a decimal. - Refer to the Infocard. • Available organic nitrogen (%) - Multiply #3 by #4. • Ammonium conservation factor - Depends upon incorporation practices. - Refer to Infocard. • Available ammonium nitrogen (%) - Multiply #2 by #6. • PAN in manure (lbs/T or lbs/gal) - Add #7 to #5. Multiply by 20 if manure is solid or semi-solid. Multiply by 0.0837 if manure is liquid. 2.0 0.60 1.2 0.66 0 24 lbs/ton

  37. * Worksheet 7-1Calculating Rate of Organic Source to Meet a Nitrogen Recommendation 1. Nitrogen recommendation - Lbs/acre - Consult nutrient management plan or scenario 2. PAN of organic source - Consult calculation or scenario - Expressed in pounds PAN per ton 3. Application rate - Expressed on an acre basis - Divide #1 by #2 75 24 3.1

  38. QUANTIFYING IMPORTED NUTRIENT SOURCES Scenario: A small CSA imported a pickup truck load of compost ahead of the current growing season. The bed of the truck was 4’ x 8’ x 2’. A 5-gallon bucket of this compost weighed 35 pounds. 1) How many tons of compost was imported?

  39. Worksheet 7-3Calculating the Tonnage of a Purchased Organic Source 1. Volume of product purchased - Expressed in cubic yards (yd3) - Consult bill of sale 2. Volume of product - Expressed in cubic feet (ft3) - 27 ft3 per 1 yd3 3. Weight of 5 gallons of organic source - Expressed in pounds - Consult scenario or weigh 3 buckets of material and use average 4. Weight of a cubic foot of product - Expressed in pounds - Divide #3 by 0.66 - A 5-gallon bucket is equivalent to 2/3 of a cubic foot 5. Weight of purchased product - Expressed in tons - First, multiply #2by #4 to determine pounds. - Divide quantity by 2,000 to convert to tons 64 35 53 1.7 tons

  40. DETERMINING APPLICATION RATES Ed Palmer applied a 5-gallon bucket of a commercial compost to a vegetable bed that measures 4’ by 12’. The label indicates the compost contains 2.5% nitrogen. The average weight of a 5-gallon bucket of this material was 30 pounds. What is the rate of PAN applied to this area?

  41. 0.0011 4’x 12’= 48 ft2/43,560 = 0.0011 ac 0.05 0.025 0.00125 30 34.1 ~34 lbs PAN/ac

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