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The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution. 1750- 1850 HWH UNIT 6 CHAPTER 7.1-7.2. From Cottage Industry to Factory System. The Cottage Industry (a.k.a. “putting out system”). Pros Helped farmers supplement income Created entrepreneurs Created new consumer goods Work could be done at home . Cons

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The Industrial Revolution

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  1. The Industrial Revolution 1750-1850 HWH UNIT 6 CHAPTER 7.1-7.2

  2. From Cottage Industry to Factory System

  3. The Cottage Industry(a.k.a. “putting out system”) Pros • Helped farmers supplement income • Created entrepreneurs • Created new consumer goods • Work could be done at home Cons • Inefficient • Workers spread out in many places • Labor wasn’t coordinated and organized • Lack of capital

  4. Why Britain? • Abundance of Water • Canals, Rivers, proximity to the ocean • Natural Resources • Coal, iron • Stable, Laissez-faire government • Central bank • Abundance of food • Abundant labor force • Not decimated by Napoleonic wars

  5. British Trade, 1700-1800

  6. The Textile Industry • Cotton output increased 800% between 1780 and 1800 • By 1830, 50% of British exports were cotton fabrics • Led the way in innovation and industrialization

  7. The Spinning Wheel

  8. The Hand Loom

  9. New Technology (pre-steam engine)

  10. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle” (1733)

  11. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny (1765)

  12. Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame (1769)

  13. The First Factories (1770s-80s)

  14. Samuel Crompton’s “Spinning Mule” (1779)

  15. Newcomen’sSteam Engine (1705)

  16. James Watt’s Steam Engine (1770s)

  17. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom (1785)

  18. The Iron Industry • Coal replaces charcoal • More efficient to run steam engines • Coke • Biproduct of coal • “Pig Iron” • Abraham Darby

  19. Ironbridge in the 18th Century

  20. Coalbrookdale by Night by Loutherbourg

  21. Railroads • George Stephenson • Liverpool to Manchester railway

  22. “The Rocket”

  23. The Cumulative Effect of Industrialization • Factories required steam engines and machines • Steam engines and machines need iron • Iron needs coal • Coal need to be mined • All of this needs to be transported by train • Trains require coal and iron….

  24. By 1850… • Britain produced • 2/3 of the world’s coal • 1/2 of the world’s iron • 1/2 of the world’s cloth • Per capita income doubled from 1800 • GNP tripled from 1800

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