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Genetics. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Heredity Genetic Engineering. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis. DNA. Nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next.
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Genetics Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Cell Growth and Division Heredity Genetic Engineering
DNA • Nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next.
Nucleic Acid: large, complex organic molecule that stores genetic information in nucleotides C
Nucleotides • 5 Carbon sugar, deoxyribose • Phosphate group • Nitrogenous base
4 Nitrogenous bases • 2 Purines • Adenine • Guanine • 2 Pyrimidines • Thymine • Cytosine
Replication Hello Dolly! • DNA molecule is unzipped • 2 separate strands are available
The separated strands serve as a mold, for a new strand • Complementary nucleotides attach to the mold
Adenine and Thymine are complimentary • Guanine and Cytosine are complimentary
RNA • Sugar: ribose • Single stranded • Uracil in place of Thymine
Transcription • The DNA code is first transferred into mRNA • mRNA is the first copy made of the mold
mRNA carries the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm.
Translation • mRNA attaches to the ribosomes • tRNA collect amino acids and carry them to the mRNA
The anticodons of tRNA attach to the appropriate codons of mRNA. • The amino acids are forming new specific proteins
The new proteins are now organized to provide new strands of DNA • EXACT COPIES!
ATG TAC ACT UGA ACT CTA GAT TGA ACU TGA Example
AGT TCA ATG GTA CTG GAT CGT ACG Practice
QUIZ Complimentary DNA • AGT • CTG • ACT • TGA
Complimentary RNA and DNA? • AGT • CTA • GAT • CGT
Answers • TCA • GAC • TGA • ACT
Answers • UCA AGT • GAU CTA • CUA GAT • GCA CGT
LAB 1 G A C A A G T C C A C A A T C 2 C U G U U C A G G U G U U A G
3. leucine-phenylalanine-arginine-cysteine-stop 4. aspartic acid-cysteine-glycine-leucine-valine
Extra practice: • C T G A C C G G A T T A • G A C U G G C C U A A U • Aspartic Acid-Tryptophan- Proline- Asparagine • STOP- Serine- Glycine- Glutamine