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Juvenile Justice in America

Juvenile Justice in America. SOC 106 Part 8 : Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs. Motorcycle gangs - 1945: WW II over - 1,000s of veterans return - rejected accepted values - war = exciting / home = boring a. Ride motorcycles - high speed = excitement

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Juvenile Justice in America

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  1. Juvenile Justice in America SOC 106 Part 8: Peers and Delinquency: Juvenile Gangs

  2. Motorcycle gangs - 1945: WW II over - 1,000s of veterans return - rejected accepted values - war = exciting / home = boring a. Ride motorcycles - high speed = excitement - seeking thrills / danger - Harley Davidson / Indian = power - West Coast = never seen before

  3. - 10 to 30 young men - roaming highways / adventure - causing problems / crime (1) Hollister, CA – 1947 - 4th of July - AMA = dirt hill climb - 100s = contestants / 1,000s = spectators (a) POBOB’s - Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington - member arrested

  4. (b) 7 officer police force - 750 bikers - tore town apart (c) Highly publicized - introduced society - informed police (2) Three important traditions - 4th of July run - one-percenter image - not part of sub-cult = “citizen”

  5. (a) 4th of July run - AMA = hill climb - different parts of country - gangs make run every year - heavily policed (b) One-percenter image - after Hollister = AMA president - only 1% of M/C riders - violent / criminal acts - image stuck - M/C gangs = one-percenters

  6. (c) Bikers = get all citizens of Hollister - started calling others = citizen - set themselves apart - named those who did not belong (3) Riverside, CA – 1947 - 1,000s attended AMA run - rioting / destruction / two deaths (a) Riverside – 1948 - riders returned - another riot occurred

  7. (b) Police chief - blamed violence - visiting “outlaws” - term now applies - outlaw motorcycle gangs / OMGs (4) After Hollister - POBOB enrollment increased significantly - new members / new ideas / changes made - members voted = change club name (a) Hell’s Angels – 1950

  8. (b) Most fashioned after Hell’s Angels (5) 1950s / 1960s = OMGs became symbol - younger / rebellious generation - good times / general lawlessness (a) Hollywood - media / movies / music - helped mushroom effect (b) Hell’s Angels on Wheels / Easy Rider - mostly = Wild One (Brando/Marvin)

  9. Organizational structure - 900 OMGs various cities / states - white male members - growing black one-percent clubs a. National president - founder of club - resides at / near national club - final say (1) Territorial / regional representative - “vice president”

  10. - handles problems in assigned region (2) National secretary/treasurer - club’s money - collects dues = local chapters - changes / drafts by-laws - records of national meetings - usually more educated member (3) National enforcer - reports to president - handles punishments

  11. - retrieves colors - bodyguard for president b. Local clubs - own hierarchy - similar throughout (1) Chapter president - strength / leadership / personality - claim position / voted in - word is law - follows national guidelines

  12. (2) Vice president - hand picked - second-in-command (3) Secretary/treasurer - best handwriting / addition ability - records meetings / takes minutes - collects dues / pays bills (4) Sergeant-at-arms - maintains order - strongest member / loyal / enforcer

  13. (5) Road captain - maps runs / fuel stops / food stops - carries club money (costs / bail) - law enforcement contact c. Club members - rank and file (1) Full member - fully accepted / dues paying - carry out decisions of leadership - sworn to live by club by-laws

  14. (2) Probate / perspective member - club hopefuls - one month to one year on probation - prove worth - commit a felony - nominated by regular member - unanimous approval (3) Associate / honorary member - proven value / usefulness - people who help club - allowed to party / go on runs

  15. (4) Biker women - OMGs male dominated / chauvinistic - treated as playthings - victimized (prostitution / drug dealing) - bought / sold / traded / given away (a) Mamas / sheep - belong to the club - do what they want with - some allow to wear “colors” - ‘Property of _____’ on back

  16. (b) Old ladies - wife / steady girl of member - wear ‘property of’ colors • Constitution / by-laws - one form or another - accepted standards of conduct - outlines administrative procedures a. Typical by-laws - membership requirements - fines for misconduct

  17. - acceptable “behavior” during runs - similar matters (1) Colors - proudest possession - duty uniform / claim to membership - refer to: gang emblem / sleeveless denim jacket / leather jacket - never washed once initiated (2) Motorcycle - second most important

  18. - damage / loss = violation - minimum = 500cc / American made - strong bond: member / chopper (3) Criminal activities - motorcycle thefts - prostitution - narcotics - illegal weapons - Mafia connections (enforcers) (4) Investing illegal profits

  19. - mobile catering companies - motorcycle repair shops - wrecking yards - massage parlors - investment firms - apartment houses - resort hotels - tow companies - bars - ice cream shops - private residences - tanning salons

  20. (5) Mobility - sophisticated clubs - avoid colors - cars / business suits - greater security b. “Big Five” - Hell’s Angels / Outlaws / Pagans / Bandidos / Sons of Silence (1) Hell’s Angels – 1950 - Fontana, CA / formerly POBOB’s

  21. (a) WW II veterans - name of WW II bomber (b) Mother chapter - San Bernadino, CA - moved to Oakland in mid-1960s (c) 33 US chapters - 18 foreign chapters (d) 500 to 600 patch wearing members - wealthiest / most powerful

  22. (2) Outlaws - Chicago – 1959 - largest OMG (a) 25 US chapters - 6 Canadian chapters (b) 1200 to 1500 members (c) 15 eastern states (3) Pagans

  23. - Prince George’s County, Maryland – 1959 - structure slightly different - no fixed mother chapter - “mother club”: 13 to 18 member heads - Northeast (a) Philadelphia = biggest / powerful chapter - well disciplined in criminal activity (b) 44 chapters - between New York and Florida - 700 to 900 members

  24. (c) Closest ties to organized crime - hit men / enforcers = LCN (4) Bandidos - aka: Bandido Nation - Houston, Texas – 1966 - Corpus Christi mother chapter (a) 26 chapters - south / northwest (Washington state) (b) 500 members / 2000 associates

  25. (5) Sons of Silence aka: Iron Horsemen (a) Southern states to Colorado - chapters in 20 states (b) European chapter - Germany (c) 1,000 – 1,200 members c. Additional gangs

  26. - 520 smaller gangs - 25 = chapters in 5 or more states - by-laws (examples) (1) All persons must be 18 years of age for membership. (2) All prospective new members must be sponsored by an old member. (3) All prospective new members must complete a probation period.

  27. (4) Each new member will pay (club sets fee); the national headquarters initiation fee. (5) Each member will pay monthly dues to his chapter, set by the local president. (6) No member shall transfer from one chapter to another without the permission of both presidents and pay a transfer fee to the national treasurer. (7) When a member is in another chapter’s

  28. jurisdiction, he will abide by their by-laws and president. (8) Any member caught using the needle will lose his colors and everything that goes with them. (9) Harley Davidson or Indian motorcycles will be the only bike used while in this club. Other Street Gangs

  29. Black gangs - two most notorious = Crips / Bloods - other major gangs = East Coast - Vice Lords / Black Disciples / etc. a. Beginning - late 1960s = aware - Los Angeles area - crossed country today - Vice Lords = claim first organized black gang b. Development

  30. - youth in neighborhood - protection - other youth “gangs” c. Los Angeles gangs - two separate groups - Crips / Bloods (a.k.a. Pirus) (1) Further divided into ‘sets’ - identify by local names - street names / parks / neighborhoods - landmarks in area

  31. - call neighborhood = “hood” (2) Non-traditional in nature - no formal structure - older members = most influential - called “OG’s” = original gangsters (a) Late 20s to early 30s - high rollers: access to money / drugs - reputation for violence (b) Influence over younger members

  32. - use to sell drugs - commit violent acts (3) Early 1900s - black youth formed groups - express themselves - singing / music / dancing (a) Involved in local criminal activity - beginning of black street gangs (b) Free time for youth / young adults

  33. d. Today’s gangs - late 1960s / early 70s - police = violence between gangs - little done to combat - society did not care - stayed in their neighborhoods (1) Primary age group - 12 to 20 years old - average age = 18 - most violent - prove themselves / be accepted

  34. (2) Violence level - extremely high - South Central LA = at war - fight over: turf / insults / looks / etc. (3) Cocaine trafficking = violence - expansion into other areas - throughout country (4) Changed philosophy - first: controlling particular neighborhood - now: making large amounts of money

  35. (5) Dress - colors - Crips = blue - Bloods = red - ‘du rag’ = head / out of pocket - colorful jackets (sports teams) - baggy jeans (6) Graffiti - not stylish - spray can - mark territory / make threats

  36. Latino / Hispanic gangs - first organized = turn of century (1900s) a. East Los Angeles - more Latino than black gang members - main concern is territorial - called “controlling dirt” b. Leadership - handed down - fathers to sons - family oriented

  37. (1) “Veteranos” - long standing gang members (2) “Machismo” - major part gang member makeup (3) Insult machismo / family - direct challenge c. Dress - Pendelton shirts / baggy cotton pants (tan color) - slip on leather shoes / hairnets / “du rags”

  38. - tattoos = artwork - cover their body d. Graffiti / Placa - highly stylized / mark their turf - greeting / threat / challenge / recognition • Skinheads - surfaced in Europe (1970s) - white hate group - racially motivated crimes - based on race / religion

  39. a. Throughout US - active in northwest - Nazi symbols - bastardized religious symbols - literature / vandalism b. Aligned with white supremacist groups - White Aryan Nation (WAR) - League of Aryan Workers (LAW) (1) Dress to intimidate - shaved heads / mohawk / close cropped

  40. (a) Bomber style jacket / green flight jacket / spiked black leather jacket (b) Braces (suspenders) (c) T-shirts - pride logos (d) Doc Marten boots - steel tipped (e) Army fatigues / blue jeans

  41. - pant legs rolled up - show combat boots (f) Colored shoelaces - white / red = supremacists - yellow = recently injured someone (2) Identify with white supremacy philosophy - seen through dress (a) Swastika tattoos - indicate beliefs

  42. (3) Groups are small - disorganized - supremacist groups capitalize - WAR / LAW / KKK / Aryan Nation c. Criminal activity - racially motivated extremist groups - serious assaults / malicious harassment (1) Who is recruited? - the “nobodies”

  43. - individuals who feels set apart - believe they have nothing / no-one (a) Targeted audience - Pacific Northwest - blue collar white male youth - blame others for troubles (b) Low income / low income families - single parent - strong work ethic

  44. (c) Recruitment - schools / literature / dances - hope: gain superiority / power - through intimidation (2) Initiation - ritual act of “jumping in” - 4 to 12 of strongest members - fists / feet = beat for set period of time (a) “Newbe” - cannot hold own = not admitted

  45. (b) At-risk factors - academic problems - alienated from family / society - all income levels - male / female - 12 to 25 - drug / alcohol abusers - physically / sexually abused (victims) - “loners” - feelings of anger / hate / injustice - hate all types of authority

  46. (3) Oregon / Washington - WAR Skins = White Aryan Resistance - Southeast Boot Boys - American Front - National Aryan Front - National Socialist Front • Satanic cults - Satanism - worship of the devil - teen dabblers / public worship / secretive cults - involved in criminal activity

  47. a. Teen dabblers - great concern = police / youth counselors - mental / physical harm to selves / others (1) Exhibit obsessions - movies / videos / posters / books - heavy metal music - violence / rape / death / demonism (a) Dungeons and Dragons - occult attraction - social concern

  48. (b) Designed to attract people - primarily youth - into supernatural world - closer: Satanism / demons / witches / warlocks (2) Identifying Satan worshippers - satanic symbols doodled on notebooks - wear symbols as jewelry / on t-shirts - decorate room - draw / tattoo on body - prefer color black

  49. (a) Possessions - candles / incense / knives / bells / chalice / bones / herbs (b) Body decorations / mutilations - blacken all fingernails - middle / little finger of left hand - signs of self-mutilation (c) Consistent wearing of black clothing - combined with symbols - major warning signs

  50. b. Profile of Satan worshippers - satanic alters hidden from view - black candles / skull and bones - satanic symbols (1) Satanic diaries - Personal Book of Grimories (a) Focus of diaries - satanic rituals / group activities - talk of suicide - mutilations

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