GEF 4. Sustainable Mobility

2. GEF 4. Sustainable Mobility • Programming Directions • Objectives • Scope • Approach • Indicators • PIMS 3636 Sustainable Transport Istanbul

3. 1. Programming Directions • Link efforts to protect the global climate with the growing needs for access to SUSTAINABLE ENERGY for DEVELOPMENT • Making Development Efforts~ Climate Resilience • Benefits of ensuring the health of natural ecosystems as protection against adverse impacts • Acknowledge: • crucial link between global environmental protection; • Sustainable development • Human welfare • Negative impacts on the poor

4. OBJECTIVES: • Use More Integrated Approaches to Natural Resource Management • Strengthen link between Environment and Development • Integration across focal areas • Long – Term: the environment must become an integral part of how Societies view development • How? • Enabling the development of markets for global public goods • Engagement of the private sectors • Support and integrate the local and indigenous communities in • project development and implementation • Added – Value of Integration across focal areas

5. GEF’S Implementation of Core Principles • INCREMENTAL COST • SUSTAINABILITY • REPLICABILITY • CATALYTIC IMPACT • COST EFFECTIVENESS • MAINSTREAMING

6. Operational Program 11.Sustainable Transport • Strategic Objective 8: • To Facilitate GHG reduction through market transformation for Sustainable Mobility in urban areas • WHY? • Transport Sector is the most rapidly growing source of GHG emissions • WHAT TO DO? • Transforming Urban Mobility toward less GHG – intensive practices

7. Operational Program 11.Sustainable Transport Sustainable Mobility defined as: “the ability to meet the needs of society to mover freely, gain access, communicate, trade, and establish relationships without sacrificing other essential human or ecological values, today or in the future”

8. GEF 4: • Modal Shifts to less polluting modes of public as well as private transport, such as: • Traffic Flow and Demand Management • parking measures • traffic cells • area licensing ( restricted zones) • congestion pricing • Soft Support to Transport Infrastructure • bus – rapid transit systems • light rail transit • electric trolley buses

9. Non – motorized transport (NMT) • maintaining physically separate NMT networks • traffic calming • strengthening NMT manufacturing and maintenance enterprises • improving NMT vehicles • Walkways • Land – Use • zoning – laws • placing new public facilities (schools, hospitals etc.) in transit – friendly locations • Urban Planning & Regulations

10. APPROACH: • To Achieve Sustainable Mobility: • Supportive enabling policy environment + • successful public awareness & involvement • = key factors • OTHER CONDITION: • no severe energy price distortions is available

11. PROJECT SUSTAINABILITY REQUIRES: • policy and regulatory framework supporting SM • establishment of a regulatory body to regulate bus services • impose safety standards • plan bus services • ensure financial sustainability of the BRT plans or NMT facilities • Municipal finance and transport companies revenue should provide the largest share of the baseline financing needed for these interventions • Citizens behavior changes are important (aggressive public awareness plan = inform them about the SM options + environmental benefits + convenience + economic value)

12. INDICATORS: • growth in the use of sustainable transport options relative to the growth of the entire urban transport system • outcome is favorable if the : share of trips (both number and km ) taken by more sustainable, less GHG – intensive means increases relative to the entire number of trips (numbers and km) taken in an urban area annually • CO2 intensity per passenger – km; • modal share of NMT • BRT or mass transit trips in an urban transport system • the average trip length • evidence of consumer behavior shifting toward more sustainable, less GHG – intensive means of transport

13. PIMS 3636: SUSTAINBLE MOBILITY ISTANBUL • Turkey is a highly urbanized country with over 75% of its population living in urban areas. • Rural-urban migration continues to be strong, mostly because of perceived employment opportunities in the urban areas. • Turkey’s largest urban agglomeration is Istanbul, with an estimated population of 11 million. • Since 1960, the city has experienced dramatic population growth at an average rate of 4.3% annually, although the average annual population growth rate has declined to 3.2% over the last decade.

14. PIMS 3636: SUSTAINBLE MOBILITY ISTANBUL • Among the main problems facing Istanbul and other large and medium-size cities are: • (i) inadequate management of the public transport system • (ii) deficient land-management policies which lead to unregulated urban growth • (iii) environmental degradation, particularly air pollution, leading to health related problems • (iv) and unmet demand for basic urban services

15. The overall objective of the project : • is to reduce greenhouse gases from ground transport in Istanbul through the promotion of a long-term modal shift to more efficient and less polluting forms of transport. • The proposed project will adopt a comprehensive, integrated approach to sustainable transport by focusing on the following seven components: • integrate land-use planning, urban transport planning and environmental management, • better integrate and improve the efficiency of the existing public transport system, • demonstrate the effectiveness of bus rapid transit • implement traffic demand management measures, • improve the transportation decision-making process through greater public awareness and participation, • incorporate strategic environmental assessments into the planning process and • promote clean fuels for public transit buses.

16. PART II - PROJECT DEVELOPMENT PREPARATION • PDF-B resources in the amount of USD350,000 will be requested from GEF to carry out the project preparation activities outlined below. • Component 1: Integration of Land Use Planning, Urban Transport Planning and Environmental Management • Proposed PDF-B funded Activities: • Design the guidelines of a strong planning system, integrating land use and transport planning at the metropolitan and regional levels • ·Prepare proposals for the redevelopment of abandoned or degraded areas in city center, articulating the real estate development to existing or planned transport corridors, • ·Help prepare a strategy to create incentives for private sector involvement in the projects. • ·Organize workshops including the citizens commercial establishment owners, real estate developers, to present and discuss the municipal plans in both areas and prepare an action plan for additional investments integrating urban development, land use and transport plans, with special focus on public transport and non-motorized transport. • ·Estimate potential for GHG emission reductions and for local environmental impact of this component.

17. Component 2: Improving Integration and Efficiency of Public Transport • Develop plans for an upgraded, integrated public transport network by assessing results of the study of the main interchange stations proposed by the Municipality of Istanbul. • Create an institutional and legal framework that will enable fare integration and joint management of the public transport system in the metropolitan region. • Define a corridor and design additional measures to increase the attractiveness of the corridor (nicely designed stations, easy access for cyclists and pedestrian and people with disabilities, bike parking facilities at stations, landscaping, etc) • Workshops and study tours to mobilize political support for a better integration of public transport system. • Estimate potential for GHG emission reductions and other environmental benefits of this component.

18. Component 3. Bus Rapid Transit Pilot Demonstration §Prepare operational scenarios for the integration of the BRT at metropolitan level. §Develop a long range plan for BRT development in Istanbul, including identifying and prioritizing potential corridors. §Basic system design work, including optimized physical design elements (nicely designed stations, easy access for cyclists and pedestrian and people with disabilities, bike parking facilities at stations, landscaping, etc) §Identify and envelop a pilot phase project, identify needed steps and investments toward full implementation during the gef full project phase. §Organize workshops and study tours to mobilize political support for a better integration of the BRT. §Estimate potential for GHG emission reductions and other environmental benefits of this component.

19. Component 4. Traffic Demand Management §Assist government agencies in assessing options for and developing an integrated traffic demand management system, and implement selected instruments in Istanbul, with focus on pricing mechanisms and complementary measures to restrict individual car use. §Specific terms of reference for in-depth assessment and analysis of options will be finalized, as well as the preparation of tools to quantify the climate change and other benefits of the introduction of these instruments. §Feasibility studies for congestion pricing schemes Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): identification of bottlenecks, options to remove them through a better traffic light management system. §Workshop to exchange experiences on traffic demand management and road pricing and develop a list of actions in Istanbul. §

20. Component 5: Improving Decision-Making Process in Transportation and Public Awareness Campaign §Assess the current legislative and institutional framework in the transportation decision making process. § Design and conduct an outreach and information dissemination campaign aimed at promoting sustainable transport among the citizens of Istanbul. § Develop and carry out a plan for a national-level outreach program, to promote the replication of the work in Istanbul and other major cities in the country. § Organize workshops and public information campaigns to promote public awareness and to foster a sense of individual and collective responsibility in Istanbul.

21. Component 6. Strategic environmental assessment §Assist in introducing the concept of SEA in the transport sector in Istanbul. § Organize a workshop to fully introduce the concepts and prepare follow up activities like the selection of activities to be assessed, the impacts to be assessed, the reporting requirement and how to mainstream the SEA process into planning and decision making. § Prepare the necessary terms of reference for the analysis and specific studies. § Assess about potential impact in reducing GHG emissions.

22.  Component 7. Clean fuels ·Evaluate options to remove older and more polluting bus fleet through incentives and regulations. · Evaluate options to improve bus fuel quality and/or switch to alternative fuels. · Develop a comprehensive clean fuel/vehicle bus action plan for Istanbul · Estimate potential GHG reductions from this component.