1 / 29

PASTORALISM IN TANZANIA: Making an Economic Case within the context of Kilimo Kwanza

PASTORALISM IN TANZANIA: Making an Economic Case within the context of Kilimo Kwanza. Alais Ole-Morindat Pastoral Programme EA. Alais Ole-Morindat. The Livestock Herd – Key Asset. The Pillars of Pastoralism. Natural Resources. The Herd. The Family & Wider Social Institutions.

phila
Download Presentation

PASTORALISM IN TANZANIA: Making an Economic Case within the context of Kilimo Kwanza

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. PASTORALISM IN TANZANIA:Making an Economic Case within the context of Kilimo Kwanza Alais Ole-Morindat Pastoral Programme EA Alais Ole-Morindat

  2. The Livestock Herd – Key Asset

  3. The Pillars of Pastoralism Natural Resources The Herd The Family & Wider Social Institutions

  4. Pastoralismdriver of economic prosperity in Africa’s drylands PHOTO: Kelley Lynch

  5. Introduction • In Tanzania & EA decision makers believe pastoralism to be an archaic, economically inefficient and environmentally destructive form of land use. • Pastoralists are viewed as backward, resistant to change and inherently violent, willfully refusing the benefits of modernization

  6. Introduction • deep-seated perceptions have a direct impact on policy justifying either alienation of pastoral land or measures to turn pastoralists into modern livestock keepers. • this perpetuates a vicious cycle: increasing poverty, resource conflict and environmental degradation, thereby reinforcing the very perceptions surrounding pastoralism as a livelihood.

  7. Introduction • This not only deprives pastoralists of their rights of self determination, but it also represents a missed opportunity to capitalize on the significant economic potential pastoralism offers in arid and semi arid areas of Tanzania in a context of increasing climatic variations.

  8. POVERTY AS A PROBLEM • The biggest challenge facing Tanzania today is how to move from a rural based economy to a more modern & competitive economy in line with: VISION 2025 also MKUKUTA & KILIMO KWANZA • Sectoral Policies – i.e. Agriculture. Livestock, health, education etc. – and ongoing reform processes (i.e. decentralisation) are critical if we are to succeed.

  9. Opportunities • One of the huge opportunities is Livestock: • TZ has 18.5 million cattle • 13.1 Million goats • 3.6 million sheep • 60 out of a total of 94 million hectares are rangelands. • Over 90% of the livestock population is of indigenous types, having low genetic potential but well adapted to harsh environmental conditions and highly resistant to diseases.

  10. THE TWO PRODUCTION SYSTEMS • Tanzania has two major production systems namely extensive and intensive. • The intensive system, which is limited in size, has been receiving most emphasis in investment and improvement. • The extensive system, which is mostly led by pastoralist & agro-pastoralism, is neglected. • This is a missed opportunity as demands for meat (research shows) is on the increase.

  11. Recent Research Livestock to agric GDP: Kenya 50%, Tanzania 30%; Uganda 1 % of national herd indigenous: Kenya 75%, Tanzania 97%; Uganda 95% Export hides US$ million in 2000 Kenya 0.11m, Tanzania 5.68m, Uganda 12.89m Beef production tonnes 2000 Kenya 290,000, Tanzania 181,000

  12. Contribution livestock to national economies

  13. Livestock populations

  14. Grasslands store approximately 34% of the global stock of CO2 – a service worth $7 per hectare

  15. Pastoralist work is hard

  16. Pastoralist are knowledgeable

  17. Pastoralists co-exist with wildlife making perfect use of natural pastures

  18. Mobile livestock more productive than sedentary livestock

  19. Pastoralism is more productive than some alternative land uses: commercial / irrigated agriculture • Annual net returns per hectare of Awash river valley land • Pastoralism =annual profit of US$417 to US$835 per hectare in 2009 • State cotton farm =annual loss of US$ 1,165per hectare over 1980-90s

  20. New conceptual frameworkTotal Economic Value of Pastoralism Indirect values Direct values • Subsistence and livelihoods values • Economic input values • Market based values • Environment input values • Human capital values

  21. Pastoralism contributes significantly to other sectors Informal meat roasting business (nyama choma) 601 nyama choma businesses in Arusha town employing 5,600 people with estimated 25,000 dependents – 6.6% of pop of Arusha Tourism: $85 million to Tanzania’s northern circuit tourism industry each year through preservation of dry season pastures At national level, estimated annual turn over US$ 22 million with 2.2 million people receiving some support

  22. Product branding…an indirect value…?

  23. Pastoralists practice agriculture

  24. If the government does not address land-related issues, frustration and conflict may arise

  25. Why do governments overlook the contribution of pastoralism? • Poor understanding of pastoralism • Existing data on benefits is limited • There may be political or economic reasons (e.g. vested interests) which means governments ignore the evidence. • Pastoralists lack the capacity to argue their case

  26. In conclusion: • Government needs to make critical choices in support of pastoralism – KILIMO KWANZA – an important entry point. • pastoral groups in Tanzania need to be at the centre of local and national discourses that relate to their livelihoods

More Related