Laboratory Safety Training

1. Laboratory Safety Training Eric Zack Lab Safety Manager UNCG EH&S Department (336)334-4357 e_zack@uncg.edu Lab Safety Webpage: https//safety.uncg.edu/lab

2. Laboratory Safety Training For all personnel with potential exposure to hazardous materials in a laboratory setting Training must be conducted upon initial assignment to the laboratory or when new hazards are introduced, and annually thereafter. Must also complete annual Lab-Specific Training with your lab supervisor. Additional training is required for work with • Hazardous Waste • Potentially infectious biological materials • Radiation • Class 3B or 4 lasers

3. Topics Regulatory Compliance Hazard Communication Chemical hazards Non-Chemical Hazards Controlling Hazards Chemical Storage Waste Disposal Spill, Incident, & Exposure Response Laboratory Incidents

4. Laboratory Safety Training Why Training? SAFETY – Yourself and those around you! COMPLIANCE – It’s the law! OSHA Laboratory Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450) EPA & NCDEQ JSNN / UNCG / NCA&T Policy (safety.uncg.edu/lab, https://gatewayresearchpark.com/pages/Lab_Policies) • Chemical Hygiene Plan • Lab Safety Plan • Hazard Communication Program • Lab Waste Management Plan

5. Chemical Hygiene Plan Policy on the safe use of hazardous chemicals. Necessary to maintain compliance with OSHA regulations. Serves as the Laboratory Safety Manual, with detailed information on: • Hazard Communication • Lab Safety Precautions • Personal Protective Equipment • Chemical Storage and Use procedures • High Hazard Materials • Measures to protect yourself and others from exposure • Chemical spills and incidents Available at https://gatewayresearchpark.com/pages/Lab_Policies Or from Gateway EHS manager: Aisha Holloman

6. Laboratory Safety Plan (LSP) The laboratory safety plan is an extension of the CHP. Each lab group has its own LSP with information about the lab and relevant information from the CHP. • Emergency contact names and numbers • Lab room numbers and hazards present • Lab workers and general exposure hazards • General procedures for each hazard class present • Chemical Storage Procedures • Unwanted hazardous material (waste) disposal procedures • Emergency Closure Procedures • Other lab related procedures and guidelines The LSP should be available in your lab.

7. Hazard Communication Methods to inform you about the hazards of materials in the lab. • Safety Data Sheets • Container Labels • Hazard Pictograms (symbols) • Lab Signs • Lab Safety Plan It is your responsibility to know and understand what each warning or pictogram represents.

8. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) • SDS for all chemicals present in the lab must be accessible at all times. • SDS can be kept in paper or electronic form.

9. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) SDS have a standardized format with 16 sections: Identification 9. Physical and Chemical properties Hazard(s) identification 10. Stability and reactivity Composition/information on ingredients 11. Toxicological information First-aid measures 12. Ecological information Firefighting measures 13. Disposal considerations Accidental release measures 14. Transport information Handling and storage 15. Regulatory information Exposure control/personal protection 16. Other information

10. Safety Data Sheets (SDS) The hazard ratings of the new GHS system are opposite the older NFPA/HMIS system. Fire Health Hazard Instability Specific Hazard GHS Hazard CategoriesNFPA/HMIS Hazard Ratings Cat. 1 = Severe Hazard 0 = Minimal Hazard Cat. 2 = Serious Hazard 1 = Slight Hazard Cat. 3 = Moderate Hazard 2 = Moderate Hazard Cat. 4 = Slight Hazard 3 = Serious Hazard Cat. 5 = Minimal Hazard 4 = Severe Hazard Hazard Hazard

11. Hazard Pictograms Flame Flammable materials can burst into flames. Flammables Pyrophorics Self-Heating Emits Flammable Gas Self-Reactives Organic Peroxides

12. Hazard Pictograms Health Hazard PROLONGED EXPOSUREmay cause health problems. Carcinogen (cause cancer) Mutagen (DNA damage) Reproductive Toxin (cause adverse effects to the reproductive and/or endocrine systems) Respiratory Sensitizer (developed immunological response to previous exposure to a chemical) Target Organ Toxicity Aspiration Toxicity

13. Hazard Pictograms Exclamation Mark Can cause IMMEDIATEhealth effects. Irritant (skin, eyes, & respiratory tract) Skin Sensitizer (developed from previous exposures) Acute Toxicity (adverse effects of a single exposure or multiple exposures in a short period of time) Narcotic Effects (drowsiness, lack of coordination) Skull & Crossbones Exposure can cause IMMEDIATE and possibly SERIOUS HEALTH PROBLEMS Acute Toxicity (fatal or toxic)

14. Hazard Pictograms Flame Over Circle Oxidizing materials can widen the flammable range of liquids and gases and cause them to catch fire or explode. Oxidizers Corrosion Corrosive materials can eat away clothing, metals, working surfaces and other materials. Acids & Bases Skin Corrosion/Burns Eye Damage Corrosive to Metals

15. Hazard Pictograms Gas Cylinder Gases under pressure can explode, rocket and damage property and cause injury if they are heated, ruptured or leaking. Gases Under Pressure Environment These materials can kill fish or other wildlife that live in water. Aquatic Toxicity

16. Hazard Pictograms Exploding Bomb Explosive materials can blow up. Explosives Self-Reactives Organic Peroxides Water Reactive Undergo a chemical reaction with water which may be explosive or release a flammable or toxic gas.

17. Other Pictograms Biohazard Biological agents (bacteria, virus, fungi) which may cause human disease. Biosafety Levels increase with risk to health. Radiation Radiation or Radioactive Materials emit ionizing radiation which can cause health problems.

18. Product Labels Symbols called “Pictograms” Signal Words “DANGER” – More severe hazard “WARNING” – Less severe hazard Not all labels will have a signal word. Some chemicals are not hazardous enough to require that a signal word appear on the label. Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements Product Identification Supplier/Manufacturer Identification

19. Example Label Pictograms (Flammable & Acute Toxicity) Product Identifier ToxiFlam (Contains: XYZ) Danger! Toxic If Swallowed, Flammable Liquid and Vapor Do not eat, drink or use tobacco when using this product. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Keep container tightly closed. Keep away from heat/sparks/open flame. - No smoking. Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection. Ground container and receiving equipment. Use explosion-proof electrical equipment. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Use only non-sparking tools. Store in cool/well-ventilated place. IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CONTROL CENTER or doctor/physician. Rinse mouth.In case of fire, use water fog, dry chemical, CO2, or "alcohol" foam. See Safety Data Sheet for further details regarding safe use of this product.MyCompany, MyStreet, MyTown NJ 00000, Tel: 444 966 6666 Signal Word Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements Supplemental Information Supplier Info

20. Labeling Secondary Containers Ethyl Acetate All containers of hazardous chemicals must be labeled, except for chemicals transferred to secondary containers which will be attended by the person making the transfer and used for less than one day. Label secondary containers with at least: • The product, chemical, or common NAME (must match the SDS identifier) • Words, pictures or symbols identifying the HAZARDS of the material. x 70% Ethanol Flammable 95% Ethanol

21. Labeling Hazards Methanol

22. Labeling Hazards

23. Labeling Hazards Sodium Hydroxide

24. Compressed Gas Compressed Gas Cylinders • Pose a serious hazard regardless of chemical contents • Must be handled as high energy sources • They pose a serious hazard if the cylinder valve is dislodged. • Must have the cap securely in place to protect the stemwhen storing or moving a cylinder • Must be stored in an upright position • Use suitable racks, straps, chains or stands to support cylinders • Do not store cylinders with the regulator in place. • Regulator failure could allow the contents to escape.

25. Cryogenic Materials Extremely cold liquids (usually liquid Nitrogen) • Cause effects to the skin similar to thermal burns • Vapors and gases can displace oxygen in the environment • Thawing cryo tubes can become pressurized • Use in well ventilated areas • DO NOT use cryogenic systems or dry ice in a cold room • Limited ventilation can allow for an oxygen depleted environment to worsen over time. • Wear heavy cryogenic gloves • Wear safety goggles or face shield • Use caution and open cryo tubes in secondary containment or behind a shield

26. Environmental Chambers Cold or Warm Rooms are typically unventilated. Fresh air only enters the room when the door is opened. Hazardous chemical vapors can build up and oxygen can be displaced. Do not use or store the following materials in an environmental chamber: Highly toxic chemicals, carcinogens, or reproductive toxins Volatile Chemicals Asphyxiants - compressed gasses can displace oxygen Dry Ice – CO2 gas can displace oxygen in the room Open Flames (Bunsen burners)

27. Sharps Needles & Razorblades Collect in hard-walled (plastic or metal), spill proof container Broken Glass • Remove from service • Collect in cardboard box lined with plastic bag • Tape box closed prior to disposal in dumpster

28. Electrical Hazards Electrocution, Fire, Damaged Equipment • Extension cords are for temporary use only. • Contact facilities operations to request additional outlets if necessary. • Power strips are permitted, but must be plugged into a receptacle (not another power strip). • If you notice frayed or otherwise damaged wires or plugs, take the equipment out of service until it is properly repaired.

29. Controlling Hazards Most Effective Physically remove the hazard Elimination Replace the hazard Substitution Isolate people from the hazard Engineering Controls Change the way people work Administrative Controls Protect the worker with Personal Protective Equipment PPE Least Effective

30. Exposure Limits Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) • The legal limit of exposure of a worker to a chemical substance • Usually a vapor concentration • Usually given as a time weighted average (40 hours) • Found in OSHA 1910 Subpart Z: Toxic and Hazardous Substances or SDS Section 8 (Exposure Controls/Personal Protection)

31. Controlling Hazards Fume Hoods Keep sash at lowest workable height Minimize storage and clutter to maintain effective exhaust Notify EH&S if you suspect the fume hood is not functioning properly or the flow rate has changed significantly

32. Controlling Hazards Housekeeping • Minimize clutter (benchtops, floors, hoods) • Maintain clear access (36” x 36”) to emergency showers, eyewashes, and electrical panels • Clean spills immediately (including powders)

33. Controlling Hazards To avoid exposure to chemicals the following are not permitted in laboratories or areas where chemicals are used or stored: • Open toed shoes • Short pants • Consuming or storing food or drinks in the lab • Applying cosmetics Do not handle your cell phone while working in the lab!

34. Controlling Hazards Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Wear gloves when working with hazardous substances A lab coat is recommended when working with any hazardous substances. A lab coat must be worn when working with highly hazardous substances.

35. Controlling Hazards PPE(cont.) Wear safety GLASSES when there is the chance of a splash, splatter, or spray: • Opening pressurized containers (containers from cold storage can build pressure when brought to room temperature) • Pipetting • Pouring Wear Safety GOGGLES when • Working with concentrated corrosives • There is a hazard from large splashes (pouring large volumes) • There is a hazard form flying objects (working with glassware under pressure or vacuum)

36. Security Hazardous materials and some equipment must be kept secure at all times by attendance or lock & key • Lab rooms must be locked when not attended • Do not allow people to enter the building with you after hours • Challenge or report suspicious activity or individuals

37. Chemical Storage Segregate incompatible materials • Separate cabinets (flammables, acids, bases, oxidizers, etc.) • Separate containers within the same cabinet with bins or buckets • Store hazardous chemicals below eye level • Store chemicals IN containers, not ON them • Clean spillage on or around containers immediately

38. Chemical Storage Periodically inspect integrity of containers and labels and replace as needed. Crystallization is indication of inadequately sealed container Deteriorated top Label fell off ???

39. Hazardous Waste LIDS - Secured when not adding materials. Allow materials to cool and reactions to complete before adding to waste container. LEAKS – Contain spills and protect against breakage with secondary containers. LABELS – Identify as “….waste” & hazard class LOCATION – At or near the point of generation

40. Spills, Releases, and Incidents Be prepared by knowing the location of the nearest • Safety Shower • Fire Extinguisher • Spill Kit • Phone (Cell phones do not work in some buildings) • Location of SDS In an Emergency situation requiring POLICE, FIRE Dept., or AMBULANCE services: CALL 911

41. Spills, Releases, and Incidents Decontamination of yourself or others takes priorityover spill clean up. Skin Exposure: • Remove contaminated clothing immediately and rinse area with large amounts of running water in the sink or safety shower. Eye Exposure: • Rinse for a minimum of 15 minutes (longer for corrosives) • Sink • Safety Shower • Eyewash Station • Remove contaminated clothing while under the safety shower.

42. Spills, Releases, and Incidents Spill clean up procedures: • If you are uncomfortable cleaning the spill or unsure what to do, ask your supervisor or call EH&S for assistance at 336-334-4357. • Stop the spill or operation causing the release if you can do so safely. • Inform nearby individuals of the spill. • Establish a barrier to stop the spill from spreading. • Use compatible absorbent materials to clean the spill. (Check the SDS or ask for help if you are unsure) • Notify your supervisor of the incident. (Supervisor should be notified immediately for large spills (>1L) or spills of particularly hazardous substances)

43. Spills, Releases, and Incidents For known or suspected exposures to hazardous chemicals or for non-emergency injuries, seek medical attention at Gove Student Health Center (UNCG students, faculty, & staff) 107 Gray Drive VOICE 336-334-5340 Sebastian Health Center (NCA&T students,…?) 1601 E. Market Street VOICE: 336-334-7880

44. Reporting Incident reports must be submitted to EH&S for: • Large Spills (>1L) • Incidents resulting in injury or exposure to personnel • Personnel are also encouraged to report near misses or other concerns by e-mailing the Laboratory Safety Manager, Eric Zack - e_zack@uncg.edu, or anonymously by: • Calling EH&S at 336-334-435 • Submitting a Spartan Safety Concern online at safety.uncg.edu

45. Laboratory Incidents In the 1980’s a postdoctoral researcher was involved in a chemical explosion in the UCSB Chemistry building. He inappropriately mixed a strong oxidizing acid (nitric acid) with organic solvents inside a waste container within a fume hood. He walked away from the hood (fortunately) at which time the reaction mixture exploded causing a flash fire within the hood. The student was lucky to escape uninjured and the fire was extinguished. - Be sure to check labels when transferring waste. Ask for help. https://www.ehs.ucsb.edu/labsafety/laboratory-accidents

46. Laboratory Incidents A senior researcher was nearly killed while he worked alone in a laboratory at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee. His distillation flask exploded. He was working with less than 250 ml of methanol and some ether. He had done this extraction hundreds of times before. Apparently the ether was old and some peroxides had formed. The fire quickly burned itself out but it did set his shirt on fire. It was a synthetic material. (His lab coat was still on the coat rack). He suffered 3rd degree burns to his chest and arms. The worst part was that a shard of glass severed the artery in his left forearm. He lost LOTS of blood as he made his way to the elevator lobby and emergency phone. He collapsed before he reached the elevator or phone. He was saved only by the building fire alarm which was triggered by the flash fire in the lab. Fortunately, the alarm alerted someone working in the building who found the researcher in the hall and used their own lab coat to extinguish the flames on the researcher’s shirt and then to stop the arterial bleeding. https://www.ehs.ucsb.edu/labsafety/laboratory-accidents Label peroxide forming chemicals with Dates of Receipt and Opening. Check stocks regularly. Discard after 6 months of opening or 12 months of receipt.

47. Common Lab Incidents 1. Corrosive chemicals (strong acids and bases) on hands, elbows, or forearms from contaminated bottles, benchtops or hood sills. Flush with copious amounts of water from the sink or eye wash.  Clean-up spills immediately.  Keep chemical bottles on trays and on the back of the shelf or bench. 2. Fume hoods turn off inadvertently. Be alert and report problems with the hoods immediately to Facilities Operations (336) 334-5684. 3. Natural gas stopcocks not completely turned off; sinks dripping.  Check all water and gas valves very thoroughly at the end of the day.  Be alert for the smell of natural gas and immediately notify Facilities Operations (336) 334-5684

48. Common Lab Incidents 4. Skin is cut by working with chipped glassware or during breakage of cracked glassware.  Replace chipped or cracked glassware immediately. 5. Hot plates not turned off, causing burns or melting objects. Check that hot plates are unplugged when not in use. 6.Hot metal or glass objects don't appear hot!  Use caution when handling hot objects, for example, hot iron rings, heated metal clamps and hot glassware.  In the case of a burn, submerge affected area under water for at least 30 minutes.  If severe burn, seek medical attention at Gove Student Health Services.

49. Laboratory Safety Training In addition to this general lab safety training module, you must also complete Lab-Specific Training with your lab supervisor. Review the contents of the Lab Safety Plan Location of Chemical Inventory How to access Safety Data Sheets (SDS) Identify specific hazards in the lab High Hazard equipment, materials, or procedures in the lab Lab Specific Procedures Information and procedures on Particularly Hazardous Substances (Select Carcinogens, Reproductive Toxins, Highly Toxic) The faculty member is responsible for ensuring that all lab members are trained and competent in their assigned tasks.

50. Contacts Aisha Holloman EHS Manager - Gateway Research Park Phone: 336-217-5143 Cell: 336-419-9397 aishah@gatewaygso.com Lab Policies: https://gatewayresearchpark.com/pages/Lab_Policies Eric Zack Lab Safety Manager - UNCG EH&S Department (336)334-4357 e_zack@uncg.edu Lab Safety Webpage: https//safety.uncg.edu/lab NCA&T - ???