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Polymers

Polymers. Alex Stamm and Noah Brubaker June 29 th , 2011. Hydrocarbons ex: Alkanes. 1 – Meth- 2 – Eth- 3 – Prop- 4 – But- 5 – Pent- 6 – Hex- 7 – Hept - 8 – Oct- 9 – Non- 10 – Dec- 11 – Undec - 12 – Dodec -. Hydrocarbons at Room Temperature. Liquid. Waxy.

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Polymers

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  1. Polymers Alex Stamm and Noah Brubaker June 29th, 2011

  2. Hydrocarbons ex: Alkanes • 1 – Meth- • 2 – Eth- • 3 – Prop- • 4 – But- • 5 – Pent- • 6 – Hex- • 7 – Hept- • 8– Oct- • 9– Non- • 10 – Dec- • 11– Undec- • 12 – Dodec-

  3. Hydrocarbons at Room Temperature • Liquid • Waxy 20 to 40 Carbons 40 or more Carbons • Gas • Methane • Ethane • Propane • Butane • Plastic 5 to 19 Carbons

  4. Melting Point • As the length of hydrocarbons get longer, the Melting Point grows Higher. Why?

  5. What other material properties change? • Viscosity • Hardness • Toughness • Flammability

  6. Bonding • Covalent • Ionic (NaCl) • Polar (H2O) • Van der Waals

  7. Rubber Tree • Sap: • Sticky • Viscous • Gooey • Goodyear • Experiment • Luck • Profit ($0)

  8. Vulcanization

  9. Time for an Activity! • Please find a partner. • Follow me into the hall.

  10. Molecular Structure of Polymers • Linear • High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), PVC, Nylon, Cotton • Branched • Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) • Cross-linked • Rubber • Network • Kevlar, Epoxy

  11. Chain Length: 1000 - 2000 Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

  12. Chain Length: 10,000 – 100,000 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)

  13. Chain Length: 2-6 million Ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) Joint Replacement Helmet Gears

  14. Endless Possibilities • New Functional Groups • Different Polymer Backbones

  15. Functional Groups

  16. Chain Length: 4,000 – 5,000 PVC – (polyvinyl chloride) More Polar  Stronger Bonding

  17. Chain Length: 4,000 – 8,000 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) “Polyester” Ester

  18. Nylon

  19. Cotton Long Strands of Cellulose + Hydrogen Bonds Cellulose is the most common organic material on earth! It is also a primary constituent of wood and paper.

  20. Starch Polymers in Biology DNA Sugar Proteins

  21. Kevlar Strong Network of Covalent Bonds And Polar Hydrogen Bonds

  22. Time for another Activity! • How can we test which material is stronger?

  23. Endless Possibilities • New Functional Groups • Different Polymer Backbones

  24. Inorganic Polymers • Silicon (Si)

  25. Inorganic Polymers • Silicon (Si) • Germanium (Ge)

  26. Inorganic Polymers • Silicon (Si) • Germanium (Ge) • Boron-Nitrogen (B – N)

  27. Inorganic Polymers • Silicon (Si) • Germanium (Ge) • Boron-Nitrogen (B – N) • Aluminum – Nitrogen (Al – N) • … • … • On and on

  28. Conclusions: • Polymers make up all sorts of materials that are all around us! • They can have a huge range or material properties based on their: • Functional Groups • Structure • Backbone • Keep thinking about how chemical interactions on the nano-scale correspond to material properties on the macro-scale

  29. Links • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_recycling • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-molecular-weight_polyethylene • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycondensation • http://www.chemistryland.com/ElementarySchool/BuildingBlocks/BuildingOrganic.htm • http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/21c/materials/molecstructpropertiesrev3.shtml • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcanization • http://www.scribd.com/doc/26766586/08-Polymers-Why-is-Rubber-Elastic • http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Structure/polymer.htm

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