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Narcolepsy

Narcolepsy. Jerry Fang. What is Narcolepsy?. Chronic neurological disorder Not very well understood and much still remains a mystery Chracterized by: Severe fatigue Irresistible episodes of sleep General sleep disorder. Symptoms of Narcolepsy. Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

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Narcolepsy

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  1. Narcolepsy Jerry Fang

  2. What is Narcolepsy? • Chronic neurological disorder • Not very well understood and much still remains a mystery • Chracterized by: • Severe fatigue • Irresistible episodes of sleep • General sleep disorder

  3. Symptoms of Narcolepsy • Excessive Daytime Sleepiness • Prolonged drowsiness • Cataplexy- skeletal muscles paralyzed • Sleep paralysis- inability to talk or move • Hynagogic hallucinations- vivid dreams • Automatic behavior- no memory of behavior

  4. Essentially, Narcolepsy… • Is believed to be a disregulation of the sleep cycle • Symptoms can be explained if REM occurs very early • Supported by patient diagnoses

  5. Diagnoses • 3 million worldwide • 200,000 in US, only 50,000 diagnosed • Average of 15 years to properly diagnose • 2 Treatments • Polysomnogram • Brain waves • Eye movements • Muscle activity • Heart rhythm • Respiratory efforts • Multiple sleep latency tests • Brain waves

  6. Causes of Narcolepsy • Mechanism is not known • Has a Genetic Basis, (8-12%) • Orexin (hypocretin) involved • Orexin Receptors involved • Might be autoimmune (HLA complex w/ Orexin)

  7. Orexin-A

  8. ALANINE SCANNING REVEALS CRITICAL RESIDUES

  9. Research • Improved methods to diagnose and treat • Genetic and Environmental Linkage • Mechanism of Action • Immunological • Biochemical • Physiological • Neuromuscular • Animals

  10. Treatments • Lifestyle Changes • Drugs • Only treat symptoms • No treatment for underlying • Support Groups

  11. Rusty the Narcoleptic Dog

  12. Reference • "Life After Dark: the Secret World of Sleep." East Jefferson General Hospital. 20 Apr. 2006 <http://www.eastjeffhospital.org/membership/healthylifestyles/articles/lifeafterdark.html>. • "Narcolepsy." Wikipedia. 18 Apr. 2006. 18 Apr. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcolepsy>. • S, J M. "The Neural Circuitry of Narcolepsy." Sleep Research. UCLA. 20 Apr. 2006 <http://www.npi.ucla.edu/sleepresearch/0100siegelbox1.html>. • Lin, Ling, and Emmanuel Mignot. "The Sleep Disorder Canine Narcolepsy is Caused by a Mutation in the Hypocretin Receptor 2 Gene." Cell 98 (1999): 365-376. • Chemelli, Richard M., and Masashi Tanagisawa. "Narcolepsy in Orexin Knockout Mics: Molecular Genetics of Sleep Regulation." Cell 98 (1999): 437-451. • Wood, Debra. "In His Own Words: Living with Narcolepsy." Feb. 2002. Aurora Health Care. 20 Apr. 2006 <http://www.aurorahealthcare.org/yourhealth/healthgate/getcontent.asp?URLhealthgate=%229662.html> • Larson, Heather, Gina Kemp, and Robert Segal. "Narcolepsy: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment." Helpguide. 09 May 2005. 18 Apr. 2006 <http://www.helpguide.org/life/narcolepsy_symptom_causes_treatments.htm>. • Takai, Tomoto, Takao Takaya, and Takahisa Ikegami. "Orexin-a is Composed of a Highly Conserved C-Terminal and a Specific, Hydrophyilic N-Terminal Region, Revealing the Structural Basis of Specific Recognition by the Orexin-1 Receptor." Journal of Peptide Science (2006). 18 Apr. 2006 <www.interscience.wiley.com>. • "Orexin." Wikipedia. 18 Apr. 2006. 18 Apr. 2006 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orexin>.

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