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Explore the ecological issues surrounding wind farm siting in the USA, with a focus on lessons learned from two decades of experience. Discover the impacts on wildlife, including mortality, loss of habitat, disturbance, and reproductive effects. Gain insights into specific cases in the Midwest, Wisconsin, and potential cumulative impacts. An invaluable resource for understanding the ecological consequences of wind energy expansion.
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ECOLOGICAL ISSUES ANDWIND SITING Lessons from two decades of experience around the Country
Wind Capacity Operating in the USASlide from AWEA (www.awea.org)
Midwest Wind Farms • Buffalo Ridge – SW Minnesota • Top of Iowa – NW Iowa • No. Central Il. • NE Wis. • Other Wis.
Windfarms in Wisconsin • Twn. Of Shirley • Kewaunee/Brown Counties • Twn. Of Addison • Montfort/Cobb • Forward Wind • Butler Ridge • Blue Sky/Green Fields
Wildlife Impacts • Mortality due to collision • Loss of habitat • Disturbance • Reproductive impacts • Attractive nuisance
Mortality • Raptors at Altamont Pass, CA • Songbirds • Bats • Recent incidents • Larger patterns
Loss of Habitat • Initial clearing • Installation • Long term
Disturbance • Barrier effect • Motion on landscape • Disruption of movement patterns
Reproductive impacts • Nesting sites • Booming grounds • Disrupting courtship flights • Loss of fledglings
Attractive Nuisance • Soil disturbance provides prey habitat • Lights attract insect prey • New perching sites
Wind/Wildlife issues in WI • Small impacts of existing (studied) sites • Potential impact on bats at Neda Mine • Impacts on waterfowl near Horicon Marsh • Impact of offshore wind in Great Lakes • Cumulative impact of many wind farms along the Niagara Escarpment
Summary • There are concerns about wildlife impacts in Wisconsin (songbirds, waterfowl) • Other locations have different issues • Raptors in CA., grouse on plains, migrating bats in East • Inconsistent regulation means an uncontrolled “experiment” • Cumulative impacts still unknown