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Day Six-Civil War

Day Six-Civil War. Fall of Richmond. Battle of Petersburg * Lee vs. Grant = 10 month stand off in the 1 st trench warfare battle Lee could not hold Pulled out and left Richmond open to Grant. April 1865, Union Army arrived in the Confederate capital. Lee Surrenders.

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Day Six-Civil War

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  1. Day Six-Civil War

  2. Fall of Richmond Battle of Petersburg * Lee vs. Grant = 10 month stand off in the 1st trench warfare battle • Lee could not hold • Pulled out and left Richmond open to Grant. • April 1865, Union Army arrived in the Confederate capital

  3. Lee Surrenders • April 9, 1865, Lee met Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in VA. • Grant’s terms: • Turnover arms • Keep belongings • Return to their farms • Feed the Rebels

  4. Reconstruction Process used to readmit Confederate states into the Union https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nowsS7pMApI

  5. Lincoln Assassinated • On April 14, 1865 • John Wilkes Booth • "Sic semper tyrannis!" ("Thus ever to tyrants!"–the Virginia state motto). • Searching for Booth: • On April 26, Union troops surrounded the Virginia farmhouse where was hiding out and set fire to it. • Wilkes shot. • How was the country going to be rebuilt now?

  6. Johnson Assumes the Presidency • With the assassination of Lincoln, the Presidency fell upon an old-fashioned southern Jacksonian Democrat of pronounced states’ rights views. • Although an honest and honorable man, Andrew Johnson was one of the most unfortunate of Presidents. • Arrayed against him were the Radical Republicans in Congress, brilliantly led and ruthless in their tactics. • Johnson was no match for them.

  7. Johnson Impeached • 1867: Tenure of Office Act • President could not fire government officials without Senate approval • Johnson fired his Secretary of War • House of Representatives voted to impeach the President Johnson 3 days later • Differed with Radical Republicans in Congress on how to reconstruct the South

  8. Rebuilding Brings Conflict • Black Codes: Laws passed by Southern states that limited the freedom of former slaves • Republicans and Radical Republicans • Dominated both Houses • Congress dominates Reconstruction

  9. Freedman’s Bureau • Organized by Lincoln • Built schools, reunited families, provided food and clothing for former slaves • FBI= Freedman’s Bureau of Independence

  10. 13th Amendment • Lasting legacy of Lincoln: Used a LAW to get rid of slavery forever. • With a victory at hand Lincoln would focus on freeing all slaves and readmitting the Confederate States.

  11. 14th Amendment • Citizenship to all African Americans • Equal protection under the law to all citizens • President Johnson did not support it.

  12. 15th Amendment • Guaranteed voting rights to African American men.

  13. Carpetbaggers • Northerners who went to the South after the war in search of wealth and political power.

  14. Rise of the Ku Klux Klan • Many Southerners were bitter. • They created a secret organization in 1866 to intimidate the freedmen. • Encouraged racism, hatred and discrimination towards the former slaves. • Used terrorism tactics.

  15. Supreme Court Reversals • Federal government can’t push individuals to obey new laws • Only states can • 15th Amendment only gives guidelines • Allows states to impose poll taxes and literacy tests to keep African Americans from voting

  16. Reconstruction Amendments • Declared all persons born in the U.S. (except N.A.) as citizens • Johnson vetoed the bill • Congress voted to repeal the veto • Bill became law.

  17. Election of Grant • Elected 1868 and won with 500,000 Southern African Americans voting • Scandal and Panic weaken Presidency • Advisors take bribes • Breaks up Republican party • Panic of 1873 • Economic depression • Results: Democrats gain support

  18. Reconstruction Ends • Election 1876 • Compromise of 1877 • Remove Federal troops in the South • Land grants and loans for railroad connecting South to West • South gets money for improvements • Hayes appoints Democrat to cabinet • Democrats respect African Americans • IMPACT: Reconstruction Government ends and Democrats return to power

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