Chapter 5 Review

1. Chapter 5 Review Mitosis and Asexual Reproduction

2. Chapter 5 – Mitosis • What is the longest stage of the cell cycle? A – interphase • What occurs during interphase? A – growth and preparation, DNA replication, protein synthesis. • What are the other two stages of the cell cycle? A – mitosis and cell division (cytokinesis) • Why does a cell divide? A – The surface area to volume ratio is small.

3. DNA Replication • What is the first step in DNA replication? A – DNA sides separate • What aids in separating the DNA sides? A – enzymes • What occurs in step 2 of DNA replication? A – New bases pair with the bases on the original DNA • Why is DNA replication important? A – So that when the cell divides, the new daughter cells will have all of the genetic information.

4. In the diagram to the right, what do the two sister chromatids have in common? A – They are replicated chromosomes. They are identical copies of the DNA.

5. What phase of mitosis is occurring in the diagram to the right? A – anaphase • What phase occurs before anaphase? A – metaphase • What occurs during metaphase? A – The chromosomes line up across the middle (equator) of the cell

6. What is being produced during telophase of mitosis? A – two nuclei • What are two difference between mitosis/cytokinesis in plants and animals? A – Plants doen’t have centrioles and animals don’t produce a cell plate. • If you started out with 365 chromosomes in the parent cell, how many chromosomes would each of the daughter cells have? A – 365

7. What is the correct order of the stages of mitosis? A – prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase • What is another word for cell division? A – cytokinesis • How many parents are there in asexual reproduction? A - One

8. Asexual Reproduction • Which of the following is not a type of asexual reproduction: spore formation, gamete formation, binary fission, budding, fragmentation, vegetative reproduction? A – gamete formation • Define clone. A - a genetically identical offspring of an single parent.

9. Asexual Reproduction • What type of asexual reproduction is occurring in the picture to the right? A: budding • Give an example of an organism that reproduces this way. A: hydra, sponge, yeast

10. Asexual Reproduction • What type of asexual reproduction is occurring in the picture to the right? A: binary fission • How many cells are dividing? A: One • What is the benefit of this type of reproduction? A: Genetically identical offspring.

11. Asexual Reproduction • How do Eurasian milfoil and starfish reproduce? A – fragmentation/regeneration • A graft would be made during what type of asexual reproduction? A – vegetative reproduction. • Give an example that uses spore formation as it reproductive method. A – bread mould, mosses, ferns, fungi

12. What to Study continued… Chapter 5 • Stages of the cell cycle – interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis • DNA replication • Mitosis stages – what occurs at each stage • What is the purpose of mitosis • What is the end result of mitosis • Different types of asexual reproduction