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Chapter 13, Family and Aging. Defining Family Conflict View of Family Life The Changing Family in the United States The Changing Family in Japan Common Themes to the Century of Change. Kinship. Members are linked by blood, marriage or adoption.
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Chapter 13, Family and Aging • Defining Family • Conflict View of Family Life • The Changing Family in the United States • The Changing Family in Japan • Common Themes to the Century of Change
Kinship • Members are linked by blood, marriage or adoption. • 144 quadrillion is one estimate if one's relatives were traced back to the time of Christ.
Social Functions of the Family • Regulate sexual behavior. • Replace members of society who die. • Socialize the young. • Provide care and emotional support. • Confer social status.
Conflict View of Family Life • Family members have competing interests and depending on status, exercise their will over other family members. • Actions that some members take on behalf of the family do not always benefit everyone. • Marriage and family structures devalue reproductive work, perpetuate social inequalities and foster racial divisions.
Changing Family in the United States 1900: • 80% of children lived in two-parent families in which the mother worked on the family farm or in the home. • 2% of children lived in homes where both parents worked outside the home. • Less than 10% lived in one-parent family homes.
Changing Family in the United States Today: • 25% of children live in a two-parent home in which the father is the breadwinner and the mother is a full-time homemaker. • 44% of children live in homes where both parents work. • 28% live with a single parent.
Factors in the Decline of the Breadwinner System • Stress for both men and women in maintaining their roles. • Declines in total fertility rates. • Increased life expectancy. • Increased divorce rates. • Increased employment opportunities for women.
Common Themes to the Century of Family Change • Economic system and its effect on productive and reproductive labor. • The decline of parental authority and the changing status of children. • The consequences of long life.
Consequences of Long Life on Families • Chance that a child will lose one or both parents by the age of 16 has decreased. • The length of the average marriage has increased. • People have more time to choose a partner, settle on an occupation, attend school and decide whether they want children. • The number of people surviving to old age has increased.