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Egyptian hieroglyphs. mixture of various logographic and alphabetic elements used for religious literature over 700 – 800 basic symbols Hieroglyph comes from two Greek words meaning “sacred writing”. This came from the Egyptians’ own word for their language meaning “divine speech”
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Egyptian hieroglyphs • mixture of various logographic and alphabetic elements • used for religious literature • over 700 – 800 basic symbols • Hieroglyph comes from two Greek words meaning “sacred writing”. This came from the Egyptians’ own word for their language meaning “divine speech” • A single picture symbol could stand for a whole word
THE EGYPTIAN CANON OF PROPORTIONS • the different parts of the human body corresponded to different squares in the grid • usually18 units to the hairline, or 19 units to the • top of the head • 5 unitsfromthewaist to theshoulder • 3 unitsfromthe top ofthehead to thechin • women were identified by lighter skin tone and with both feet together • men were identified by darker skin tone and with their leftfoot stepped forward
aim – to show the body ascompletelyaspossible • theycombinedfrontal and profile viewsofthe person • in profile: feet, legs, head • in frontalview: torso, shouldres, eyes • thesamehandwasusuallyshowntwice to depictallthefingers • the most importantfigureswerethebiggest • thecolourwassometimesusedsymbollically
Interiordesign - New Kingdom • The furniture produced during this period is on a luxurious scale, and is also evidence of greater woodworking skill. • The New Kingdom saw the Egyptians extend their empire to new lands from Nubia to the Euphrates River and this contact with foreign cultures seems to have had its effect on furnishings. • In wealthy Egyptian homes chairs appear in greater abundance. • Folding stools were richly painted in bright colors. • Small, low tables were often woven from rush.
Tutankhamun'sPerfume • WhenthetomboftheyoungpharaohTutankhamunwasopened, amongtheluxuriouscontentsfoundwithinwerevariousbeautifullycraftedjars and containers. To theexcitementoftheexcavators, oneparticular jar wasdiscovered to contain a perfumedunguent, stillradiantlyfragrantafter so manycenturies. • Unguentistheclassicalwordused to describewhatmodernEnglish-speakersmightbetterunderstandasanointment or a solidperfume. DespitetheoccasionalancientEgyptianimage or thediscoveryofwhatcertainlyseems to befunctionaldistilleryequipment in theruinsofMohenjo-Daro, asfarasweknowtodaythedistillationprocesswasnotpopularizeduntilthe 10th centuryofourtime. Thus, Egyptianperfumeswereverydifferent in texturefromtheliquidsnowconsidered "perfumes". For a closemoderncomparison, considerthesolidperfumescurrentlyimportedfrom India, packaged in smallcarvedwooden or stone containers. (Theresemblanceis in texture, presentation and appearance, notnecessarily in fragrance.)
Theperfumedointmentfound in Tutankhamun'stombwasof a solidnature, althoughitwasnotedthatitmelted and became more viscouswithintheheatof a hand. Observersatthetimefoundthearomasimilar to coconutoil and alsoremarkedthatitresembledthescentofvalerian (Valerianaofficinalis), thefirsttip-off to whatthe jar probablycontained.