Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 - Present

1. Restructuring the Postwar World, 1945 - Present Chapter 17

2. Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Section 1

3. Think-Write-Pair-Share • 1. Describe what you think is going on in this photo?

4. What problems do you think will occur between the Allies and the Soviet Union?

5. Purpose • Content: To analyze the origins of the Cold War • Language: To determine the meaning of containment and “iron curtain” • Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

6. Cold War • The differences between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII create a climate of icy tension that lasts almost until the 21st century

7. Former Allies Clash • Stalin = previous ally of Hitler • Stalin wanted U.S. to help them attack Germany earlier than 1944

8. Yalta Conference • G. Britain, U.S., Soviet Union

9. Yalta Conference • Germany is divided and controlled by Allies • Germany pays war reparations to the Soviet Union • Soviet Union helps fight against Japan and guarantees free elections in E. Europe

10. United Nations • U.S. and Soviet Union (+ 48 other countries) form an international organization designed to keep peace

11. Differences Between the U.S. and the Soviet Union • U.S. = 400,000 deaths • S. Union = 20 million • U.S. = spread democracy, create new markets in E. Europe, reunite Germany • Soviets = spread communism, control E. Europe, keep Germany divided

12. The U.S. and the Soviet Union split after the war because _______________________________________________________________.

13. Think-Write-Pair-Share • Why would the Soviets be concerned about its western borders?

14. Soviets Build a Buffer • Communist govts. installed

15. The Potsdam Conference • Stalin does not keep promise to allow free elections in Poland • U.S. – wants to spread democracy and free trade • Soviets – devastated by WWII and feel the need to dominate Eastern Europe for protection

16. Why might Churchill use “iron curtain” to refer to the division between Western and Eastern Europe? “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in the Soviet sphere and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.” • - Churchill, “Iron Curtain” - 1946

18. Containment • U.S. (Truman) policy of blocking Soviet influence and stopping the spread of communism • U.S. needs markets • Forming alliances • Helping weak countries resist Soviet advances

19. Assignment • 1. Get into your groups (3-4) • 2. Work on Guided Reading Ch. 17 Section 1 • pp. 531-536

20. Warm-Up • Truman believed ______________ was the best policy for dealing with the Soviets because __________________________.

21. Purpose • Content: To analyze the origins of the Cold War • Language: To determine the meaning of the Berlin Airlift, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, brinkmanship • Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

22. Cold War in Europe • U.S. wants to contain the spread of communism • Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO, Warsaw Pact • EduCanon – Marshall Plan

23. Sheet of Paper • Cold War Video Notes • Name • Period

24. Germany

25. The Berlin Airlift • Western part of Berlin is surrounded by Soviets • Stalin closes all access into W. Berlin • 2.1 million residents had enough food for 6 weeks

26. The Berlin Airlift • eduCanon

27. The Threat of Nuclear War • 1949 – Soviet Union explodes its first atomic bomb • 1952 – U.S. explodes H-bomb • 1953 – Soviets explode H-bomb

28. The Threat of Nuclear War • Brinkmanship – U.S. is willing to go to the brink (edge) of war • Reliable source of nuclear weapons and airplanes • Leads to an arms race

29. Arms Race • What is an arms race?

30. The Cold War in the Skies • 1957 – Soviets use an ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missile) to push Sputnik (a satellite) above the earth’s surface • 1958 – U.S. does the same • 1960 – U.S. spy plane (U-2) is shot down over Soviet territory

31. How did the U.S. policy of brinkmanship contribute to the arms race?

32. Assignment • 1. Get into your groups (3-4) • 2. Work on Guided Reading Ch. 17 Section 1 • pp. 531-536 • Study for quiz

33. Purpose • Content: To identify Churchill’s goals for dealing with the Soviet Union • Language: Justify your claims with evidence from the text • Social: To discuss your ideas with your peers

34. Annotation Notes • Underline major points using a pen/pencil • Circle key words/phrases that are confusing • Use margin to write quotations, connections, surprises, etc.

35. Procedure • Read the text to get a general understanding

36. Procedure • Groups of 3-4 • Talk with your group about meaning of words (use context clues to help you determine the meaning of unknown words)

37. Procedure • In paragraph 1 • 1. What is Churchill’s opinion of the Soviet Union? • In paragraph 2 • 2. How does Churchill believe Great Britain should act toward the Soviet Union?

38. Procedure • Chose a member of the group to re-read paragraph 6 • Chose another to re-read paragraphs 7 • Consider the following: 3. What does Churchill believe must happen to prevent another world war?

39. Procedure • Point to a different person to read paragraph 4 • Consider the following as you listen and take notes: 4. Is Churchill concerned about communism? Why or why not?

40. Write • Churchill believes communism is a threat because ________________. He believes in order to keep peace _________________ must occur. • cite evidence from the text • “In paragraph four Churchill states………” • At least 4 sentences

41. Communists Take Power in China Section 2

42. Civil War Resumes • After Japan is defeated in WWII • Nationalists outnumber the Communists • Communists promise to return land to peasants • Communists win in 1949 • Nationalists go to Taiwan

43. Communists vs. Nationalists • Mao Zedong – leader of the Communists in the north • Jiang Jieshi – leader of the Nationalists in the south

44. Who do you think the West (America, G. Britain) supported?

45. The Two Chinas Affect the Cold War • Mainland = People’s Republic of China • Taiwan = Nationalist China

46. The Two Chinas • Chinese Communists expand into Tibet, India, southern Mongolia • How do you think the West (Great Britain, U.S., etc.) responded?

47. China’s Economy • Marxist socialism • Agrarian Reform Law of 1950 – Mao’s takes land from the landlords and kills over a million of them • Collective farms (200-300 families) are created with this land • Private companies were nationalized (controlled by the govt.) • industrial production goes up

48. The Great Leap Forward • Five-Year Plan • Larger collective farms called communes (25,000 people lived, slept, ate together) • Peasants own nothing and have no incentive to work hard • 20 million die from a famine

49. Cultural Revolution • Conflict with the Soviet Union • Farmers are allowed to sell their own crops • Cultural Revolution • Millions of high school and college students form militia units called Red Guards • Create society of peasants • Social equality • Intellectuals were killed • Colleges and factories shut down -> farm production drops • Ends in 1968

50. “No Tears for Mao” • 1. Get into groups of 3-4 • 2. Take turns reading (1-2 paragraphs) • 3. Answer questions • 1. Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution? • 2. Who was targeted? • 3. Who were the Red Guards? • 4. What was the family doing when the Red Guards entered their house? • 5. How were they treated?