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Chapter 12 Notes. Free African Americans in the North and the South. Discrimination in the North Nancy Gardener Prince She was treated with respect in Russia but discriminated in Boston. Elizabeth Alexeivna Empress of Russia & wife of Czar Alexander I.
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Chapter 12 Notes Free African Americans in the North and the South
Discrimination in the North • Nancy Gardener Prince • She was treated with respect in Russia but discriminated in Boston. Elizabeth Alexeivna Empress of Russia & wife of Czar Alexander I
Free African Population 1790 59,000. 1830 319,000. 1860 488,000.
1860 Maryland had more free African Americans that any other state. • Thousands became free by running away.
Limits on freedom • South: No right to vote • No right to trial by jury • No right to public school • No right to travel freely • No right to gather together with out at least one white person present
Limits on freedom • North: Limits on voting • Prohibited from testifying against whites • Separation of races
African Americans owned businesses in the South and a few became rather wealthy. • In 1850 in Charleston South Carolina there were: • 122 carpenters • 87 tailors • 30 shoemakers • more than a half a dozen innkeepers
Entrepreneurs • James Forten - Owned a sail making factory in Philadelphia. • .
Entrepreneurs • Paul Cuffe - Owned a fishing fleet of three ships and a warehouse in Connecticut.
Free African Americans began to go to schools and attend colleges and Universities.
Mutual Aid Societies – African Americans provided services for each other.
Threats to freedom • White mobs and slave catchers.
Many free Africans went to Canada. • Some free Africans went to Liberia Africa established with help by President James Monroe.