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The Saemaul Movement

The Saemaul Movement. Features & Implications 10/19/20 Maria Maysonet. The Seamaul Movement.

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The Saemaul Movement

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  1. The Saemaul Movement Features & Implications 10/19/20 Maria Maysonet

  2. The Seamaul Movement In this article Moon gives a historical account of the Seamaul Movement illustrating the events that led to the initiation of the movement, main features, effects, and finally criticism and lessons. He offers suggestions to the need for institutional reform and strategies for rural development. This presentation will summarize Moons main arguments and suggestions for policy and strategy improvement. Written by Pal Yong Moon

  3. THE PROBLEM

  4. The Problem: Rural Poverty and Low Productivity Levels • Small- Scale Farming -> Restricts the adoption of new technology and impedes the improvement of agricultural productivity pg. 405 • Insufficient capital investment • Limited land resources Implications: Lack of new technology and to increase productivity

  5. The Problem: Rural Poverty and Low Productivity Levels • Farm-Price Policy • Grain prices were kept low as to not increase the urban wage earners cost of living • Hindered efforts to promote domestic food production -> Low Price Policy further impoverished the already rural poor • Primarily in the 1950s until the implementation of the two-tier price policy. Implications • Encouraged food imports ->depleting foreign exchange reserves • Widened income gap b/w urban and rural areas • Decline in rural political support • Increase focus on implementing policies aimed at rural development

  6. THE SOLUTION

  7. The Solution: The Saemaul Movement • The “Saemaul Undong[movement] is a new community movement in which people cooperate with one another in order to construct better and richer villages, and as a consequence, a richer and stronger nation.” (Official definition used by MOHA) pg. 409 • Ultimate Goal  Developing a strong nation through the elimination of poverty (specifically in rural areas) and the construction of a dynamic society. • Achieving this goal • Rural Enlightment • Social Development • Economic Development **Initiated through the disposal of surplus cement that allowed for environmental and infrastructural improvements. (Pg.408)

  8. The Solution: Rural Enlightenment • Rural enlightenment sought to enhance rural villagers willingness to practice self-reliance • Spirit of Diligence, Austerity, Thrift, Mutual Cooperation, and Solidarity • Former Attitudes • Exploitation and Economic Squeeze limited voluntary participation in community development and cooperative productive activities. • Extended Family system limited individual development and decision-making abilities.

  9. The Solution: Social Development • The Social Development aspects implemented programs aimed at improving the environment. • Three types: • Environmental Improvements • Housing Improvements • Public-Utility Expansion

  10. The Solution: Economic Development • Buildup of the Production Infrastructure • Farm Road Expansion • Small-Scale Irrigation Projects • Road-improvement projects Implications: Fostered agricultural productivity • Income-Augmentation Program • Livestock raising, cash crops, development of specialized production areas, group farming, and establishment of factories Implications: Increase of farm income sources

  11. The Process: Key Components • Environment Oriented Projects  Income Oriented Projects • Extensive Participation • Training and Education • “Leadership is a prerequisite for self-reliant and self-sustaining community development.” (pg. 413)

  12. The Process: Planning & Strategy Provincial Level County Level Myon (Township) Level Village & Village Members • Principles of Operation • The best-first principle • Basic (Underdeveloped) Village • Self-Help (developing) Village • Self- Reliant (developed) Village • The step-wise principle • The learning-by-doing principle • The matching-fund principle

  13. The Implications: Saemaul movement • Effects on Employment • Lack of Data • Absorb idle labor force during agricultural off-season • Effects on Rural Savings • Effects on the Environment • Water Supply Systems and Sewage Systems • Expansion of electrical and communication networks resulted improved communication and transportation to and from urban and rural communities. • Effects on Farm Income • Cash crops and livestock raising • Area specialization • Group farming and marketing

  14. Criticisms & Lessons: Saemaul Movement CRITICISMS • The “top-down” Approach • Effective in mobilizing resources • Hindering voluntary participation (?) • Pressure to Perform • Lack of Horizontal coordinating • LESSONS • Administration inconsistent with voluntary participation • Limits to the authoritarian and bureaucratic approach

  15. Thank You&Have a wonderful fall break

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