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But First Review...

Explore the differences between molecules and compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and the properties of solids and fluids. Learn about density, mechanical properties like strength and elasticity, and the viscosity of fluids.

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But First Review...

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  1. But First Review... • What is the difference between a molecule and a compound? • What is the difference between homogenous and heterogenous mixtures? • What has more motion, hot particles or cold particles? • What two things are in a “battle” during phase changes?

  2. Properties of Solids Unit 2

  3. Properties • Physical properties: observe directly • Color, texture, density, state • Chemical properties: when one substance changes into a different substance • ex/ rust • Not easily reversible

  4. Density m/V = D kg/cm3 or g/cm3 Platinum 21.5 g/cm3 Wood 0.5 g/cm3 Water 1.0 g/cm3 Air 0.0001 g/cm3

  5. Density of Solids Depends on: • Individual mass of each atoms or molecule • How closely those atoms are packed ex/ lead vs aluminum ex/ Diamond vs wax

  6. Arrangement of Particles in a Solid Crystalline: an orderly, repeating arrangement of particles in a solid Most solids on earth ex/ salt and metals Amorphous: a random arrangement of particles in a solid Often softer, not as tightly connected to as many neighboring molecules ex/ glass, cooled quickly

  7. Mechanical Properties of Solids Strength: the ability to maintain shape under the application of force • How much does the object bend/deform under an applied force? • How much force can the object withstand before breaking? • Pencil Tensile Strength: measure of how much stress from pulling (tension) a material can withstand before breaking

  8. Mechanical Properties of Solids cont. Hardness: resistance to scratches Elasticity: ability to be stretched and return to its original size Gives ability to bounce and not break on impact Brittleness: tendency to crack or break

  9. Mechanical Properties of Solids cont. Ductility: ability to bend without breaking (being ductile) Malleability: ability to be pounded into thin sheets Thermal Expansion: tendency of particles to take up more space as temp increases Increase temp=increase movement=increased space

  10. Properties of Fluids Unit 2

  11. Fluids A fluid is any matter that flows when a force is applied. Both liquids and gasses can be classified as fluids.

  12. Density of Fluids Still... m/V=D Fluid particles move more, take up more space, making them ____________________ (more/less) dense Water is the exception, the solid form of water is less dense than the liquid form. Which allows ice to float. Ice crystals have lots of space between molecules.

  13. Pressure The amount of force exerted per unit of area; acts in all directions. Force applied to a fluid creates pressure. p=F/A PSI or Pascal (1 N/m2) ex/ squish a balloon Caused by collisions of atoms and molecules

  14. Bernoulli’s Principle The relationship that describes energy conservation in a fluid. Potential E + Kinetic E + Pressure E = constant (along any streamline) So if one increases, at least one of the others, decreases (ex/ opening a stopped up hose)

  15. Hydraulics Anything that is operated by a fluid under pressure. Pascal’s principle: the pressure applied to an incompressible fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally in all parts of the fluid. P = F/A Work doesn’t change, so distance is less W = F x d

  16. Viscosity Measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. High viscosity = flows slower (carmel, honey) Low viscosity = flows faster (water) Larger, thinker particles have more friction passing each other and viscosity is increased. Temperature increases = viscosity decreases

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