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Chapter 5 – Lesson 1

0. Gneiss. Gypsum. Shale. Chapter 5 – Lesson 1. Rocks and Minerals. Mineral -A solid, natural material made from nonliving substances in the ground. Element – a pure substance than cannot be broken down into a simpler substance. Pyromorphite. 3 Features of Minerals. 1. never alive

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Chapter 5 – Lesson 1

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  1. 0 Gneiss Gypsum Shale Chapter 5 – Lesson 1 Rocks and Minerals

  2. Mineral -A solid, natural material made from nonliving substances in the ground Element – a pure substance than cannot be broken down into a simpler substance Pyromorphite

  3. 3 Features of Minerals 1. never alive 2. form in nature 3. solid material with a repeating pattern

  4. Properties of Minerals • 1. Color - Streak • 2. Luster • 3. Hardness • 4. Cleavage • 5. Fracture

  5. Color - Streak • The color of the powdered form of the mineral • The color of the streak can be different than the mineral

  6. Streak…can help identify quartz BUT... http://www.childrensmuseum.org/geomysteries/cube/b3.html

  7. Luster • Surface reflection • metallic = shiny like metal • non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

  8. Hardness • Measure of how well a mineral resists scratching • Mohs Hardness Scale • Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) • Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

  9. Cleavage – the number of planes along which a mineral breaks down Fracture – property of a mineral that shows when it has uneven or rough surfaces

  10. Crystal – a solid whose shape forms a fixed pattern Gem – a mineral that is rare

  11. ROCK – a solid object made naturally in Earth’s crust and contains one or more minerals

  12. Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Igneous Rocks Types of Rocks

  13. Sedimentary Rocksrock that forms from sediment • Wind and water break down the earth • Bits of sediment settle in lakes and rivers • Layers are formed and build up • Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

  14. Igneous Rocks – forms when lava cools and hardens • Fire Rocks

  15. Metamorphic Rocksrocks that form when sedimentary and igneous rocks change under pressure and heat • Rocks that have changed • They were once igneous or sedimentary • Pressure and heat changed the rocks

  16. Rock cycle – the changing of rocks over time from one type to another Intrusive – igneous rock that forms from magma inside earth *** granite Extrusive – igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth’s surface ***obsidian

  17. Scoria Granite Pumice Obsidian Types of Igneous Rocks

  18. Sandstone Limestone Gypsum Conglomerate Shale Types of Sedimentary Rocks

  19. Types of Metamorphic Rocks Marble Slate

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