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THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY. ANATOMICAL POSISTION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS. ANATOMICAL POSITION. THE ANATOMICAL REFERENCE POINT IS A STANDARD BODY POSISTION CALLED THE ANATOMICAL POSITION BODY ERECT WITH FEET ONLY SLIGHTLY APART PALMS FORWARD, THUMBS POINT AWAY FROM BODY

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THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

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  1. THE LANGUAGE OF ANATOMY

  2. ANATOMICAL POSISTION AND DIRECTIONAL TERMS

  3. ANATOMICAL POSITION • THE ANATOMICAL REFERENCE POINT IS A STANDARD BODY POSISTION CALLED THE ANATOMICAL POSITION • BODY ERECT WITH FEET ONLY SLIGHTLY APART • PALMS FORWARD, THUMBS POINT AWAY FROM BODY • THE TERMS “RIGHT” AND “LEFT” REFER TO THOSE SIDES OF THE PERSON OR THE CADAVER BEING VIEWED, NOT THOSE OF THE OBSERVER.

  4. DIRECTIONAL TERMS • ALLOW US TO EXPLAIN WHERE ONE BODY STRUCTURE IS IN RELATION TO ANOTHER • STUDY TABLE 1.1 PAGE 13 !!!

  5. REGIONAL TERMS • STUDY FIGURE 1.7 !!! • 2 MAIN BODY DIVISIONS: AXIAL AND APPENDICULAR • AXIAL – HEAD, NECK, TRUNK • APPENDICULAR – APPENDAGES, OR LIMBS • REGIONAL TERMS ARE USED TO DESIGNATE SPECIFIC AREAS WITHIN THESE 2 MAJOR DIVISIONS

  6. ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY • HUMANS CAN HAVE SLIGHT INTERNAL ANATOMICAL DIFFERENCES • WELL OVER 90% OF ALL STRUCTURES IN THE HUMAN BODY MATCH THE TEXTBOOK DESCRIPTION

  7. BODY PLANES AND SECTIONS

  8. FOR ANATOMICL STUDY, THE BODY IS OFTEN SECTIONED (CUT) ALONG A FLAT SURFACE CALLED A PLANE • MOST FREQUENTLY USED – SAGITTAL, FRONTAL, AND TRANSVERSE • SECTIONS ARE NAMED FOR THE PLANE ON WHICH THEY ARE CUT

  9. SAGITTAL PLANE • VERTICAL CUT/LINE • DIVIDES RIGHT AND LEFT • EXACT MIDLINE – MEDIAN PLANE OR MIDSAGITTAL PLANE • ALL OTHER ARE PARASAGITTAL

  10. FRONTAL PLANES • VERTICAL CUT/LINE • DIVIDES INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR • ALSO CALLED A “CORONAL” PLANE

  11. TRANSVERSE OR HORIZONTAL PLANES • RUNS HORIZONTALLY FROM RIGHT TO LEFT DIVIDING THE BODY INTO SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR PARTS • CAN EXIST AT EVERY POSSIBLE LEVEL HEAD TO FOOT • ALSO CALLED CROSS SECTION

  12. OBLIQUE SECTIONS • DIAGONAL CUT/LINE • NOT USED MUCH • NEW MEDICAL IMAGING DEVICES PRODUCE SECTIONAL IMAGES RATHER THAN 3-D

  13. BODY CAVITIES AND MEMBRANES

  14. DORSAL AND VENTRAL BODY CAVITIES • THE AXIAL PORTION OF THE BODY HAS 2 LARGE CAVITIES CALLED THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL CAVITIES • DORSAL BODY CAVITY – CONTAINS NERVOUS SYSTEM ORGANS. 2 SUBDIV. – CRANIAL AND VERTEBRAL CAVITIES • VENTRAL BODY CAVITY – MORE ANTERIOR, 2 MAJOR SUBDIV – THORACIC AND ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITIES, HOUSES INTERNAL ORGANS COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS VISCERAL ORGANS

  15. THORACIC CAVITY • SURROUNDED BY RIBS AND MUSCLES OF THE CHEST • 2 SUDIV – PLEURAL CAVITY AND MEDIASTINUM (PERICARDIAL) CAVITY • THE THORACIC CAVITY IS SEPARATED FROM THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY BY THE DIAPHRAGM

  16. ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY • 2 REGIONS: 1. ABDOMINAL – STOMACH, INTESTINES, SPLEEN, LIVER, ETC. 2. PELVIC – BLADDER, SOME REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS, AND RECTUM • READ HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCE PAGE 17 NOW!!

  17. MEMBRANES IN THE VENTRAL BODY CAVITY

  18. THE “SEROSA” OR SEROUS MEMBRANE • VC WALLS ARE LINED WITH THE PARIETAL SEROSA MEMBRANE • IT FOLDS IN ON ITSELF TO FORM THE VISCERAL SEROSA, COVERING THE ORGANS IN THE CAV • SEROUS FLUID IS SECRETED BY BOTH MEMBRANES AND IS FOUND IN BETWEEN • THE FLUID ALLOWS ORGANS TO SLIDE WITHOUT FRICTION ACROSS CAV WALLS AND ONE ANOTHER

  19. THE “SEROSA” OR SEROUS MEMBRANE CONT. • PERIETAL PERICARDIUM – PERICARDIAL CAV • VISCERAL PERICARDIUM – HEART • PARIETAL PLEURA – THORACIC CAV • VISCERAL PLEURA – LUNGS • PARIETAL PERITONIUM – ABDP CAV • VISCERAL PERITONIUM – ORGANS IN ABDP CAV • READ HI PAGE 18

  20. ABDP REGIONS AND QUADRANTS • 2 TRANSVERSE AND 2 PARASAGITTAL PLANES • DIVIDES INTO 9 REGIONS – LIST ON YOUR PAPER • MEDICAL PERSONNEL OFTEN USE A 4 QUADRANT SYSTEM – ONE TRANSVERSE PLANE AND ONE MIDSAGITTAL PLANE – RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

  21. OTHER BODY CAVS • ORAL AND DIGESTIVE CAV • NASAL CAV • ORBITAL CAVS • MIDDLE EAR CAV • SYNOVIAL CAVS

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