Researches and standardization activities on systems using white space

1. Researches and standardization activities on systems using white space Homare Murakami ARIB (NICT)

2. Highlight of Current Activities (1) • First applications are start to be operated on TV white space in Japan • Area broadcasting-type systems • Other applications are studied at working group of white space promotion committee organized by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) • There are two categories within secondary systems • An organization will be established to coordinate the usage of white space

3. Highlight of Current Activities (2) • Standardization of RRS/systems using white space are on going in several organizations • NICT contributes to these activities

4. Strategic Direction • Contribute to standardization activities in several organizations in order to harmonize them with Japanese conditions (e.g. bands, bandwidth, power, and applications) • Accelerate the researches of white-space systems to help to establish technical specification in white space promotion committee organized by MIC in Japan

5. Challenges • Apply the standards to different specifications of terrestrial TV broadcasting and policies in each country • Introduce automatic coordination scheme to coexistence several WS devices in the same band (e.g. WS database and coexistence manager approach) • In Japan, coordination of white space usage is currently done by hand (licencing published by MIC, and coordination activity by a new organization)

6. Next Steps / Actions • Continue to contribute to establishing / improving standard documents in several organizations (e.g. ITU, IEEE) • Continue to research to develop coexisting methods of several WS devices in the same bands

7. Supplementary Slides

8. Cognitive radio technology Heterogeneous type cognitive radio System A System B System C Freq. By sensing frequency bands that systems have been allocated on and time slots, users secure adequate bandwidth by selecting existing systems. White space type cognitive radio System A System B System C Freq. By sensing vacant frequency band and time slot, users secure adequate bandwidth by bundling vacant freq. bands. • Cognitive radio • is a radio or system that senses, and is aware of, its operational environment and can dynamically and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters accordingly by collaborating wireless and wired networks • Two types of approaches • Heterogeneous type cognitive radio • White space type cognitive radio • Cognitive wireless cloud is the concept to bring the two approaches into a real environment to improve spectrum usage efficiency

9. Cognitive Wireless Clouds Operator Independent spectrum manager Operator Independent Co-existing manager Operator Independent network manager Network based on cognitive base station Operator Dependent network manager Operator Dependent Network manager Primary Operator 1 Primary operator 2 Secondary Operator 1 Secondary Operator 2 Heterogeneous type cognitive base station (CBS) White space type cognitive base station (CBS) Sensingand connection Wireless/Wired link (A kind of adhoc network) Cognitive terminal (CT) • (b)White space type cognitive radio (a) Heterogeneous type cognitive radio

10. Operator independentspectrum/reconfiguration/coexistence manager Four types of utilization methods Sensing available RATs Sensing vacant frequency/timeslot Sensing vacant frequency/timeslot Sensing available RATs Any access technologies on the vacant freq./slot Any access technologies can be applied Any access technologies on the vacant freq./slot (a) Heterogeneous type operated on terminals (b) Heterogeneous type operated on base stations (c) White space type operated on base stations (d) White space type operated on terminals

11. Network architecture and management framework • Control channel for cognitive radio • Design of out-of-band control channel • Used as the “radio enabler” of IEEE 1900.4 • Several implementations are studied • Dedicated system, data-channel on terrestrial TV broadcasting, low-power transvers, etc. • Terminal specific control signal will be exchanges in In-band logical channel CPC基地局 Control channel BS Network Reconfiguration Manager (NRM) Comm. part Control ch. part Controlchannel BS Cognitive Base Stations (CBSs) Data communication Heterogeneous type cognitive radio system Out-of-bandcontrol channel Sensing part Cognitive Terminals (CTs) Spectrum sharing type cognitive radio system Terrestrial TV-type control channel test facilityat NICT Yokosuka site • CWC architecture • NRMs control radio resource utilization in cooperation with several managers (TRMs, CBSRMs) and RANs • Standardizes as IEEE 1900.4/4a

12. Network policy / Measurement information Internet Networkreconfiguration Manager RANs (e.g. LTE, 3G, WiiMAX, Wi-Fi) RAT devices(USB dongle) Cognitive base station (CBS) Wi-Fi User terminalssupporting wi-fi access Cognitive base stations (CBS) • Heterogeneous type CBS prototypes • White space type CBS first prototype • Implementation of cognitive radio technology into base stations/access points • Advantages to terminals • Low-cost, low-power consumption and small size • Current existing terminals can be supported • Links can be aggregated by CBSs

13. How to utilize the white space? White space type cognitive radio System A System B System C Freq. WLAN on whitespace WPAN/SUN on whitespace WMAN on whitespace WRAN on whitespace Any access technologies can be applied at the white space but… • Need to protect primary services • Sensing technology • Database • Need to coexistence with different access technologies operated in the same band • Standards using white space • Coexistence functions

14. White space database(1) Secondary system A Calculation among users on different systems primary system’s area Calculation among users on the same system Primary system Whitespace database Whitespace coexistence manager Protected contour Secondary system B • Primary systems have to be protected from secondary systems • Secondary systems shall away from separation distance, and can be operated at outside of primary systems’ protected contour • Whitespace database gives detailed information about primary systems • Several white space standards are discussed • E.g. IEEE 802.11af(WLAN), 802.15.4m(SUN), 802.22(WRAN) • Signals from devices of a standard may interfere to that of other standards • “database for secondary systems” are also required for coexistence of multiple whitespace standards Multiple TV whitespace standards

15. White space database(2) Implement TV whitespace database • Providing available channels in TV white space to CBS by responding to its query • Calculating interface between existing TV broadcasting and the secondary systems, then available channels at each CBS’s location are derived • Accessible via IETF PAWS (on HTTP) interface • Multiple calculation methods can be implemented and be switched between them • US FCC methods • Supporting FCC regulation (FCC 10-174, FCC 12-36) • UK Ofcom methods • Supporting a document from Ofcom (Implementing Geolocation (9 November 2010)) • Japanese methods • To be deployed (still discussing in technical committee under MIC)

16. WLAN system on white space(1) Technologies Primary service protection OFDM MIMO TVWS Data base access Standards 802.11a/g 802.11y 802.11n/ac 802.11-2007 802.11u/z Scope of standardization on 802.11af 802.11 BSS Geo-location Database AP (mode II) STAs(mode I) 802.11af Internet Registered Location Secure Server 802.11 BSS AP (mode II) Geo-location Database STAs(mode I) • IEEE 802.11af • 802.11 PHY and MAC standard will be amended to support TV white space band

17. WLAN system on white space(2) • The world’s first WiFi prototype in TV white space based on the IEEE 802.11af draft specification • Based on Draft 2.0 (released in Sept. 2012)

18. Hardware platform for TV white space 802.11af hardware(SDR RF × 1) Chassis of HW (SDR RF × 2 inside) RF part • 802.11af prototype using FPGA • Supporting 802.11af (UHFband), 802.11b/g(2.4GHz band), and ISDB-T(UHF band)

19. SUN system on white space SUN can covers dead zone of WAN SUN (Smart Utility Network) Data collection server WAN (Wide Area Network) IP Network Signals on WAN • Low power consumption SUN system with meters • Efficient sleep function • Efficient relay/ route selection Service area by existing service Signmals on SUN Extended service area by relay transmission on SUN • Working 10 years without battery change with 2-3 AAA battery • Distance: 100m+ • Construct mesh / tree topology More coverageby relay transmission • IEEE 802.15.4m – Smart Utility Network (SUN) • Data collection from meters of electricity, gas and water using SUN and WAN technology

20. Coexistence management architecture • Accommodate multiple white space RATs into a same band • Standardization is on going at IEEE 802.19.1

21. Whitespace regulations is Japan • Other applications are studied at working group of white space promotion committee organized by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) • “static” and “nomadic” usages are candidates • “mobile” usage is currently out of scope in the group • radio microphone will be available as 2nd application in 2013 • It has higher priority than area broadcasting system, therefore coexistence process has been discussed • Other applications are recognized as long-term study items • As of Apr. 2012, area broadcasting-type systems are start to be operated as the first application on TV white space in Japan • License can be issued for applicant if its condition qualifies technical criteria

22. Our works in standardization bodies

23. Thank you for your attention! A part of this presentation was conducted under a contract of R&D for radio resource enhancement, organized by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan. Contact:swl-white-space@wireless.nict.go.jp Our latest activities and outcomes are available athttp://www2.nict.go.jp/wireless/smartlab/